True / False
1. Guns do not cause violence, but their presence can escalate its severity.
a. True
b. False
2. In 1991, the U.S. Supreme Court overturned the validity of shield laws and ruled that excluding evidence of a prior
sexual relationship between the parties violates a defendant’s right to a fair trial.
a. True
b. False
3. Voluntary or nonnegligent manslaughter refers to a killing committed in the heat of passion or during a sudden
quarrel that provoked violence.
a. True
b. False
4. Absent or deviant parents and inconsistent discipline have been linked to persistent violent offending.
a. True
b. False
5. African Americans comprise 20 percent of all serial murders but their involvement is masked because the media
rarely focuses on black multiple murderers.
a. True
b. False
6. Assault requires no actual touching, but involves either attempted battery or intentionally frightening the victim by
word or deed.
a. True
b. False
7. In cases of spousal abuse, physical abuse is commonly accompanied by mental abuse and coercion that can have
long term damaging psychological effects.
a. True
b. False
8. Female armed robbers tend to select vulnerable male targets who are not likely to resist.
a. True
b. False
9. Some individuals see it as their duty to rid the world of evil. These individuals often engage in reactive hate crimes.
a. True
b. False
10. Not all workplace violence is triggered by management–induced injustice.
a. True
b. False
11. Stalking cases are often dropped by the courts despite the fact that stalkers often have extensive criminal histories
and are frequently the subject of protective orders.
a. True
b. False
12. When insurgents use violence, it is designed to inspire support and gain converts while at the same time destroying
the government’s ability to resist.
a. True
b. False
13. Political terrorism occurs when a repressive governmental regime forces its citizens into obedience, oppresses
minorities, and stifles political dissent.
a. True
b. False
14. There is no “terrorist personality,” nor is there any accurate psychological profile of a terrorist.
a. True
b. False
15. The USA Patriot Act was passed to allow law enforcement agencies greater latitude in fighting terrorism.
a. True
b. False
16. Acts that vent rage, anger, or frustration are known as expressive violence.
a. True
b. False
17. Violence supported by drug users to support their habit is an example of a systemic link.
a. True
b. False
18. A subculture of violence and the main culture have identical views when it comes to violence.
a. True
b. False
19. There is only one type of rapist.
a. True
b. False
20. A rape that involves people who are in some form of courting relationship is called a date rape.
a. True
b. False
Multiple Choice
21. childhood experiences may be a key factor in the later development of relationship aggression.
a. Abusive
b. Boring
c. Indigent
d. Traditional
22. Ineffective families have been linked to persistent violent offending. Which is not a factor characteristic of an
ineffective family?
a. parental oversight
b. inconsistent discipline
c. inconsistent supervision
d. physical abuse
23. Sigmund Freud believed that human aggression and violence are produced by instinctual drives.
instinct that is sometimes expressed externally as violence or internally as suicide and alcoholism.
a. Hostility
b. Eros
c. Narcissism
d. Thanatos
is the death
24. Children exposed to violence at home, at school, or in the environment may adopt violent methods themselves. Which
children are most likely to engage in violent behavior?
a. children exposed to a single act of gun violence
b. children exposed to violence in the home
c. children exposed to violence in the home and who live in a neighborhood with high violence rates
d. children living in areas marked by extreme violence.
25. The Uniform Crime Report indicates that two-thirds of all murders and about two-fifths of all robberies are
committed using
a. blunt objects
b. firearms
c. fists
d. knives
26. According to Kubrin and Weitzer, when police and other agencies of formal social control are seen as
some people are willing to take the law into their own hands and commit what the researchers called
a “cultural retaliatory homicide.”
a. oppressive and demanding
b. biased and discriminatory
c. cultural and combative
d. weak and devalued
27. The common law definition of rape derives from the Latin word rapere meaning
carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will.”
a. to take by right
b. to take by force
c. to take by surprise
d. to take by compulsion
and is defined as “the
28. According to Diana Russel’s concept of the virility mystique men commit rape as a result of:
a. male socialization
b. psychological abnormality
c. social learning
d. evolution
29. According to Groth, every rape encounter contains at least one of three elements: anger, power, or
a. manipulation.
b. sadism.
c. resentment.
d. consent.
30. Unlike any other crime, in a rape case it is essential to prove that the attack was forced and that no question of
exists.
a. consensual influence
b. voluntary manipulation
c. consensual authority
d. voluntary compliance
31. In the 1991 case of Michigan v. Lucas, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the validity of
women from being questioned about their sexual history unless it directly bears on the case.
a. immunity laws
b. shield laws
c. protection laws
d. exemption laws
32. First-degree murder occurs when a person kills another after and deliberation.
a. premeditation
b. anger
c. contemplation
d. malice
– laws that protect
33. When Diane Whipple died after being attacked by two large dogs in the hallway of her apartment building, one of the
dogs’ owners was convicted of manslaughter based on the legal principle of
a. deliberate awareness.
b. deliberate premeditation.
c. deliberate indifference.
d. deliberate malice.
34. Research indicates a variety of facts about murder. Which of the following murder facts is inaccurate?
a. Over 40 percent of murders in which the attacker can be identified involved an intimate partner.
b. Over the last decade, the number of stranger murders has decreased.
c. Most murders occur among people who are acquainted.
d. Three–strikes laws may encourage criminals to kill while committing burglaries and robberies.
35. One type of interpersonal violence is child abuse. Which age group suffers the highest rate of child abuse
victimization?
a. children in the age group of birth to one year old
b. children in the age group of two to four years old
c. children in the age group of six to eight years old
d. children in the age group of ten to twelve years old
36. Women are often victimized by their intimate partners, whether in married or dating relationships. How many high
school girls are estimated to experience sexual or physical violence from a boyfriend?
a. one in thirty
b. one in twenty
c. one in ten
d. one in five
37. A number of research studies have been focused on armed robbers. What do these studies indicate?
a. Unlike other violent crimes, the robbery rate has held stable over the past decade.
b. Robbers are rational decision makers who look for easy prey.
c. Southwestern states have the highest robbery rates.
d. Like other violent, personal crimes, robberies seem to peak during summer months.
38. Wright and Decker found that most armed robberies are motivated by a pressing need for
a. excitement
b. power
c. cash
d. control
39. In 2007, the FBI recorded 7,700 hate crime incidents that involved 9,500 victims. Most of these hate crime incidents
were motivated by
a. sexual orientation
b. ethnicity
c. religion
d. race
40. Frederick Lawrence argues that criminals motivated by bias deserve to be punished more severely than those who
commit identical crimes for other motives. Why is this so?
a. Because bias crimes are more likely to be violent and result in serious physical injury to the victim.
b. Because bias crimes harm not only the victim but also the “target community.”
c. Because bias crimes violate the shared value of equality among citizens.
d. Bias crimes should be punished more severely for all these reasons.
41. Workplace violence is the third leading cause of occupational injury or death. Who is the typical offender in incidents
of workplace violence?
a. a middle-aged white male facing termination
b. a middle-aged white female facing termination
c. a middle-aged black female facing termination
d. a middle-aged black male facing termination
42. are typically located in rural areas and attack military, police, and government targets in an effort to unseat or
replace the existing government.
a. terrorists
b. revolutionaries
c. insurgents
d. guerillas
43. This term began to be used during the Iraq war and described the forces opposed to American involvement.
Members are typically organized into covert groups who engage in organized campaigns of extreme violence.
a. terrorists
b. revolutionaries
c. insurgents
d. guerillas
44. Which type of terrorism uses violence to frighten those in power and their supporters in order to replace the existing
government with a regime that holds acceptable political or religious views?
a. revolutionary terrorism
b. political terrorism
c. nationalist terrorism
d. cause-based terrorism
45. and the use of government troops to destroy political opposition parties are often associated with Latin
American political terrorism.
a. Organized crime
b. Death squads
c. Police
d. Guerillas
46. Hamas and Hezbollah are examples of terrorist groups – terrorists that promote the interests of a minority,
ethnic, or religious group that believes it has been persecuted under majority rule and wishes to carve out its own
independent homeland.
a. political
b. cause-based
c. nationalist
d. revolutionary
47. One view of terrorist motivation is that terrorists are emotionally disturbed individuals who act out their psychosis
within the confines of violent groups. What did mental health expert Randy Borum conclude about this view?
a. Terrorists are mentally disturbed people easily lured into violence.
b. Mental illness is not a critical factor in explaining terrorist behavior.
c. Histories of childhood abuse and trauma help to explain terrorism.
d. There is a “terrorist personality” marked by psychological abnormalities.
48. According to the alienation view of terrorist motivation, terrorists are relatively “ordinary” people who believe that a
suicide mission will
a. fulfill their call to Jihad.
b. publicly exhibit their hatred of infidels.
c. guarantee their afterlife.
d. cleanse them of the corruption of the modern world.
49. According to Graham Allison in his book Nuclear Terrorism, what percentage of the 50,000 daily cargo containers
to the United States are screened?
a. less than 5 percent
b. 25 percent
c. 50 percent
d. over 75 percent
50. In response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks, Congress passed the USA Patriot Act, creating a
charged with coordinating data from the nation’s primary intelligence-gathering agencies.
a. Director of Homeland Security
b. Director of National Intelligence
c. Director of Information Analysis and Infrastructure Protection
d. Director Emergency Preparedness and Response
who was
Anders Behring Breivak murdered 77 people in a youth camp outside of Oslo, Norway. He did so, he claimed, in
order to prevent Muslims from taking over Europe. A jury found him guilty of murder and the court sentenced him
to the maximum allowable penalty- 21 years in prison. Investigators found that Breivak’s mother, Wenche Behring,
had “sexualized” him beginning when he was four years of age and frequently wished him dead out of a psychotic
fear he would grow up to be a violent and dangerous adult.
51. Which of the following would not be a likely reason psychologists would use to to explain Anders Breivik‘s murder
spree?
a. Abusive childhood
b. Substance abuse
c. Ineffective families
d. Personal traits
52. The abusive childhood experience, which may have been a key factor in Breivik’s later development of
aggression,would have most likely stemmed from which of the following?
a. The death wishes his mother directed to him.
b. Violent television shows
c. A culture of gun violence in Norway
d. An instinctual need for Breivik to express violence
53. If Breivik had received psychological counseling at an early age and later led a productive life as an adult, then
which Freudian concept would be most supported by this scenario?
a. exposure to violence b. thanatos
c. Ineffective families d. eros
54. If Breivik had received psychological counseling at an early age and still went on a murder spree as an adult, then
which Freudian concept would be most supported by this scenario?
a. firearm availability
b. thanatos
c. human instinct
d. eros
55. Breivik‘s views on Muslims suggests that his motivation for the murders may come from .
a. a cultural value
b. hate
c. a national value
d. frustration at work
On July 23, 2012, a suspended Oklahoma State basketball player accused of sexually assaulting two women at a
house party was convicted of sexual battery and rape by instrumentation. Darrell Williams broke down in tears as
the verdicts were read. Payne County prosecutors accused Williams of groping the two women and reaching inside
their pants without their consent during a party in December 2010. With little physical evidence to bolster their case,
Assistant District Attorney Jill Tontz had to rely on testimony from the two women.
56. The defense argued that Williams was innocent since there were no shouts heard from the women nor were their
clothing torn or damaged in any way, suggesting the women did not resist the encounter. This goes to the issue of
a. consent
b. shield laws
c. narcissistic personality disorder
d. statutory rape
57. During the trial, the defense was not allowed to discuss the background of the two women who accused Williams
because of
a. consent
b. shield laws
c. narcissistic personality disorder
d. statutory rape
58. Williams was not charged with this crime because he acted alone, did not use a weapon, and caused no injury to the
victim.
a. marital exemption
b. aggravated rape
c. common law rape
d. statutory rape
59. Williams was not charged with this crime because the victims were over 18 years of age.
a. marital exemption
b. aggravated rape
c. common law rape
d. statutory rape
60. Williams wept, banged his fist on the table, then yelled at the jury, “I didn‘t do it,” upon hearing the verdict. Assuming
justice was served in this case, Williams’ response might suggest he raped because of
a. sexual motivation
b. male socialization
c. a narcissistic personality disorder
d. social learning
During a Feb. 27, 2012 rampage at Chardon High School, T. J. Lane opened fire in an Ohio high school cafeteria in
a rampage that left three students dead and three others wounded. Convicted of murder, when Lane was given the
opportunity to make a statement to the court, he gave a short, crude statement that ended with a curse before
sticking up his middle finger in the courtroom filled with the loved ones of the three students he gunned down.
61. The label that most closely (though not quite exactly) applies to T. J. Lane would be
a. spree killer
b. mass murderer
c. serial killer
d. terrorist
62. The murders by T. J. Lane would constitute what form of murderous relation?
a. intimate partner murder
b. acquaintance murder
c. stranger murder
d. sexually based murder
63. Given the description of the event, T. J. Lane would likely have been charged with what crime?
a. second-degree murder
b. first-degree murder
c. voluntary manslaughter
d. involuntary manslaughter
64. For those deemed competent to stand trial such as T. J. Lane, mass murderers would always charged with which
crime?
a. second-degree murder
b. first-degree murder
c. voluntary manslaughter
d. involuntary manslaughter
65. If one of the students killed by Lane had been pregnant, Lane could have been charged with
a. genocide
b. infanticide
c. feticide
d. fratricide
66. A number of causal factors contribute to violent crime. Identify and discuss those causal factors.
67. Rape is one of the most misunderstood and feared crimes. Identify and discuss the causal factors that explain why
men commit rape.
68. Discuss the issues of consent and past sexual history as they pertain to rape cases and explain why these issues are
legally problematic.
69. There are different levels or degrees of homicide. Discuss these degrees, using examples from the chapter to
illustrate your discussion.
70. Armed robbery is one category of robbery focused on in your text. What does research indicate about the nature of
armed robbery?
71. Hate or bias crimes are an emerging form of interpersonal violence. Discuss the categories of hate crime that exist
providing examples of each.
72. The terms terrorist, revolutionary, insurgent, and guerilla are often confused and misunderstood. Define and discuss
these terms.
73. Terrorism is most often used as an all-encompassing term but a number of specific types of terrorism exist. Identify
and describe four different forms of terrorism.
74. Identify and discuss the primary motivations of terrorists.
75. Discuss the impact of the USA Patriot Act, including the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) and the agencies
reporting to the DNI.
76. Sexual relations between an underage minor female and an adult male is termed
77. The exception is a formerly accepted tradition that a legally married husband could not be charged with
raping his wife.
78. First degree murder is defined as having been committed with premeditation and .
79. is the murder of a senior citizen.
80. A person who kills three or more persons in three or more separate events meets the criteria of a .
81. Acts that vent rage, anger, or frustration are called violence.
82. is the life instinct, which drives people toward self-fulfillment and enjoyment.
83. The phenomenon whereby motorists assault each other is referred to as .
84. The phenomenon where a robber steals from someone they know is called an robbery.
85. Violent acts directed toward a particular person based on their ethnic, racial, or other demographic background is
called a crime.