Situational crime prevention tactics generally fall into one of four categories. Which of
the following is not one of those categories?
a. increasing the use of probation for committing crime
b. increasing the risk of committing crime
c. increasing the effort needed to commit crime
d. inducing guilt or shame for committing crime
Phishing emails and websites have become greater problems because cyber criminals
can easily copy brand names and corporate insignia into their emails and websites
a. True
b. False
The criminological enterprise sub-area of victimology is concerned with specific
criminal behavior systems such as white-collar crime and violent crime.
a. True
b. False
One of the key principles of life course theory is that
a. high verbal ability during childhood predicts persistence.
b. persistent offenders begin their offending careers in late adolescence.
c. the earlier the onset of criminality, the more specialized and violent the criminal
career.
d. the seeds of a criminal career are planted early in life.
Moral crusaders seek to shape the law toward objective, universal standards of right and
wrong.
a. True
b. False
All of the following are elements of impulsivity EXCEPT:
a. Adventuresome
b. Imprudent
c. Lacks tenacity
d. Sensitive
Gottfredson and Hirschi trace the root cause of poor self-control to inadequate
child-rearing practices.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following statements regarding gender differences and the general theory
of crime is accurate?
a. The GTC predicts gender differences in self-control and crime.
b. There is little evidence that males are more impulsive than females.
c. Females are more likely to persist in crime due to low self-control.
d. Male juvenile offenders exhibit greater impulse control than female juvenile
offenders until approximately sixteen years of age when levels equalize.
Responding to these threats, the United States government announced in 2011 that
computer sabotage by another country
a. could constitute an act of war
b. would be investigated by Interpol
c. would be brought before the UN Security Council
d. would be prosecuted in US courts
The view that victimization results from the interaction of three everyday factors: the
availability of suitable targets, the absence of capable guardians, and the presences of
motivated offenders is called
a. victim precipitation theory.
b. routine activities theory.
c. life-style theory.
d. deviant place theory.
As working and middle-class families flee inner-city poverty areas, the most
disadvantaged population is consolidated in urban ghettos. This phenomenon results in
a poverty
a. solidity effect
b. concentration effect
c. cohort effect.
d. instability effect.
Of the five social adaptations according to Merton, conformity is most closely
associated with criminal behavior.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is notone of the major principles of differential association?
a. Criminal behavior is learned.
b. Learning criminal behavior involves assimilating techniques.
c. Differential associations may vary in meaning, reliability, and intention.
d. A person becomes a criminal when he or she perceives more favorable than
unfavorable consequences to violating the law.
The police chief explains that there are problems with the UCR crime data. What is the
biggest potential problem with the validity of UCR crime data?
a. Only violent crimes are counted in the UCR data.
b. Only property crimes are counted in the UCR data.
c. Many serious crimes are not reported to police and therefore are not counted in the
UCR.
d. The UCR only counts crimes reported by people 18 years of age or older.
A new form of professional auto theft is called___-and involves stealing VIN plates
from a luxury auto on a dealer lot and placing the stolen VIN plate on an identical
luxury vehicle stolen from a mall or parking lot.
a. tagging
b. vinning
c. plating
d. cloning
Peter and Paul were both taken into police custody after they were caught joy-riding in
a car that had been reported stolen. While being interrogated, Peter and Paul expressed
that they did not feel what they did was so wrong, which suggests a lack of .
a. Self-awareness
b. Self-control
c. Self-regulation
d. Self-worth
The cost of phishing and identity theft now runs in the billions in the United States.
a. True
b. False
According to critical criminologists, the United States invaded Iraq in order to secure its
for American use.
a. media
b. metals
c. oil
d. rubber
Christopher’s mother is convinced there are certain places in their community that are
deviant because they are home to “demoralized people.” All of the following may be
considered “demoralized people” EXCEPT:
a. the homeless
b. the drug addicted
c. the mentally ill
d. the middle class
As a young child Jack was always curious. He always questioned authority figures. As
he entered his late teen years, Jack really became skeptical of society and government.
Jack’s parents have attempted to explain to Jack that the law exist to maintain a fair
society. Jack disagrees and believes that the law is created by those who control society
in order to maintain their wealth and social position, thus making Jack a_____ theorist.
a. critical
b. developmental
c. restorative
d. social
Wright and Decker found that most armed robberies are motivated by a pressing need
for
a. excitement
b. power
c. cash
d. control
Survey research involves____the process of selecting for study a limited number of
subjects who are representative of entire groups sharing similar characteristics, called
the population.
a. locating
b. measuring
c. sampling
d. sectioning
Assuming Donald’s guilt, rehabilitation would begin at what phase of the criminal
justice process?
a. preliminary hearing
b. arrest
c. trial
d. incarceration
The type of crime perpetrated in this preface was
a. political
b. terrorism
c. espionage
d. treason
In response to mainstream critics, critical criminologists accuse critics of selling out
their criminological ideals for the chance to receive government funding.
a. True
b. False
While self-report studies can be used to examine the offense history of prison inmates
and drug users, most self- report studies have focused on
a. adult crime.
b. youth crime.
c. hate crime.
d. school crime.
Members of a grand jury are made up of law enforcement officers and judges.
a. True
b. False
Critical theorists question the altruism of multi-national corporations and, therefore,
take a very skeptical view of
a. mechanization.
b. globalization.
c. immigration.
d. technological communications.
Public order crime can be viewed as a type of enterprise crime employing sophisticated
technology to achieve illegal profits.
a. True
b. False
When governments legalize prostitution, it leads to a massive expansion of the trade,
both legal and illegal.
a. True
b. False
As the number of guns in the population increases so to do violent crime rates.
a. True
b. False
One form of___involves “payola” record companies paying radio stations to play songs
without making listeners aware of the bribes.
a. pilferage
b. management fraud
c. influence peddling
d. tying arrangement
By definition, terrorism can never be perpetrated by an existing government.
a. True
b. False
Diet, hormones, and contaminants are the causes of behavior in the perspective.
a. biochemical
b. neurophysiological
c. genetic
d. evolutionary
The NCVS annually samples more than 40,000______in order to estimate crime
victimization.
a. juveniles
b. households
c. police departments
d. offenders
Discuss the differences between structural and instrumental theorists and their view of
how crime is defined and how society works to control criminal behavior.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Feelings of______ include envy, mistrust, and aggression resulting from perceptions of
economic and social inequality.
Discuss the two distinct developmental viewpoints – life-course and latent trait theories.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Describe the process of Internet-based copyright infringement.
Answer:Answer not provided.
_____is illegal interference with the process of an election.
_____is an effect that occurs when efforts to prevent one crime unintentionally prevent
another.
In his theory of anomie, sociologist Robert Merton applied the sociological concepts
first identified by Emile Durkheim to criminology. Discuss the foundations of Merton’s
anomie theory and the social adaptations found within this strain theory.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Terrorism is most often used as an all-encompassing term but a number of specific
types of terrorism exist. Identify and describe four different forms of terrorism.
Answer:Answer not provided.
A____ measure is a measure that actually measures what it purports to measure.
The_____is the part of the personality that helps the individual keep his or her actions
within the boundaries of social convention.
Strain is limited in affluent areas because educational and vocational opportunities are
available.
a. True
b. False
Proponents of the___theory, argued that intelligence is largely determined genetically
and that low intelligence is linked to criminal behavior.
The cycle of____is the concept that victims of crime, especially victims of childhood
abuse, are more likely to commit crimes themselves.
The term “prostitute” encompasses a variety of categories. Identify and discuss the
various types of prostitute that
exist in the United States today.
Answer:Answer not provided.
Discuss the relationship between dropping out of school and criminal activity.
Answer:Answers will vary.
One of the newer aspects of critical criminology is left realism. What are the concerns
of left realism criminologists and how does left realism differ from other critical
theories?
Answer:Answers will vary.
Explain how one’s socialization contributes to delinquent and criminal behaviors.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Deriving sexual pleasure by exposing genitals to the shock or surprise of a stranger is
called_____ .
A _____is generally seen as a civil war fought between nationalists and a sovereign
power that holds control of the land
Describe the major criminal activities of transnationalorganizedcrime.
Answer:Answer not provided.