If Breivik had received psychological counseling at an early age and still went on a
murder spree as an adult, then which Freudian concept would be most supported by this
scenario?
a. firearm availability
b. thanatos
c. human instinct
d. eros
In the 1991 case of Michigan v. Lucas, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the validity of
_____women from being questioned about their sexual history unless it directly bears
on the case.
a. immunity laws
b. shield laws
c. protection laws
d. exemption laws
The distinction between whether a crime is classified as a felony or misdemeanor is
based upon the age of the individual committing the crime.
a. True
b. False
According to the____view, some business organizations promote white-collar
criminality in the same way that lower-class culture encourages the development of
juvenile gangs and street crimes.
a. corporate greed
b. rationalization/neutralization
c. corporate culture
d. self-control
In the ticking bomb scenario,
a. torture is used on a terrorist to find the location of a device before it explodes
b. a terrorist is threatened with torture
c. a terrorist is strapped to a ticking bomb
d. psychological methods are used to convince a terrorist a ticking bomb exists
bin Laden was mentored by a Jordanian named Abdullah Azzam, whose motto was
“Jihad and the rifle alone: no negotiations, no conferences and no dialogues.” This bit of
informton suggests bin Laden’s path to terrorism was through
a. socialization
b. some psychological factor
c. a need to pay of financial obligations
d. a pre-existing world view.
A major premise of social reaction theory is that the law is differentially constructed
and applied, depending on the offenders.
a. True
b. False
Crime is because criminals will react selectively to the characteristics of an individual
criminal act.
a. offender-specific
b. offense-specific
c. reward-specific
d. risk-specific
Merton’s view of anomie has been one of the most enduring and influential theories of
criminality.
a. True
b. False
The social disorganization concepts articulated by Shaw and McKay enjoyed short-term
prominence due to the growing homogeneity of American society over time.
a. True
b. False
People who live in neighborhoods that experience high levels of crime and civil
disorder become suspicious and mistrusting.
a. True
b. False
Obscenity is derived from the Latin word caenumthat means
a. perversion.
b. filth.
c. illegal.
d. twisted.
Tommy is 12 years old. He lives with his grandmother because his father is incarcerated
and his mother passed away from a drug overdose. Tommy is starting to defy his
grandmother’s orders. He is skipping school and hanging out with an older group of
teenagers in his neighborhood.
Tommy’s grandmother is concerned that Tommy will join a gang because she is not able
to provide Tommy with the material possessions he is asking for. If this is the case,
Tommy is experiencing because cannot achieve the success as defined by the larger
society.
a. cultural transmission
b. focal concerns
c. middle class measuring rods
d. status frustration
Which is an inaccurate statement about problem behaviors and problem behavior
syndrome?
a. All varieties of criminal behavior may be a part of a generalized problem behavior
syndrome.
b. People suffering from one problem behavior condition typically exhibit many
symptoms of the rest.
c. The more risk factors a person suffers, the greater the likelihood the individual will
engage in antisocial behavior.
d. Problem behavior syndrome portrays crime as the product of other social problems.
Which of the following is true regarding restorative justice programs?
a. Restoration programs are relatively new having been developed only in the last
decade.
b. Restoration programs have been part of peacekeeping in Asian, Native American and
Native Canadian communities for centuries.
c. While used in Europe and Asia, restoration programs have yet to be implemented in
the United States.
d. According to Howard Zehr, the core value of the restorative justice process can be
translated as therapy for all.
According to learning theories, even corporate executives may be exposed to
pro-criminal definitions and learn to neutralize moral constraints.
a. True
b. False
In their home, Gina and Tommy share the power. Each of them has worked and
contributed financially to the household. Gina and Tommy have a(n) family.
a. global
b. egalitarian
c. patriarchal
d. matriarchal
Peter and Paul have been friends for the past ten years. They are now eighteen years old
and in their senior year at the local high school. They happen to be neighbors. They first
met when Peter moved into the house next door with his aunt after his parents were
killed in an automobile accident. Paul lives with his mother. Paul’s father left the home
when Paul was three years old.
Paul and Peter have recently befriended several individuals who are known for using
drugs and also committing crime. Using techniques learned from these new friends, the
two begin stealing cars, thus validating which theory?
a. Social disorganization theory
b. Social control theory
c. Social learning theory
d. Social reaction theory
Developmental theories attempt to explain the natural history of a criminal career
encompassing its onset, continuation, and termination.
a. True
b. False
An acquaintance stole a Dodge Charger and drove around for a few hours showing off
the Charger and acting like its owner. What type of amateur auto theft did your
acquaintance commit?
a. joy riding
b. carjacking
c. short-term transportation
d. interim auto theft
According to Nobel Prize-winning economist Gary Becker, criminals engage in a(n) of
crime.
a. thrill-danger analysis
b. irrational – unstable analysis
c. lower-class analysis
d. cost-benefit analysis
According to developmental theorists, when should interventions be introduced to
people at risk of committing crimes?
a. pre-school
b. elementary grades
c. high school
d. college
When someone illegally obtains software and then “cracks” or “rips” it and posts it on
the Internet for others to use,
the resulting pirated software is called
a. warez
b. split
c. slash
d. ripez
When a government or political authority makes use of death squads to kill political
opponents, dissenters, or other undesirables, what type of crime has been committed?
a. political corruption
b. torture
c. state violence
d. illegal domestic surveillance
Agnew’s focus on negative affective states offers a more general explanation of
criminality among all elements of society rather than being restrictive to lower-class
crime.
a. True
b. False
Given the description of the event, T. J. Lane would likely have been charged with what
crime?
a. second-degree murder
b. first-degree murder
c. voluntary manslaughter
d. involuntary manslaughter
Martha is looking to move to a new city to raise her two young children. School quality
and crime rates are her two biggest concerns that she will evaluate before deciding on
which city to move to. Her employment is flexible in that she works from home. Thus
she is able to work from anywhere in the country.
Martha calls many police departments around the country wanting to find information
about their crime statistics.
One particular police department recommends that she look at the published UCR
reports. What agency is responsible for publishing these UCR reports?
a. ATF
b. FBI
c. DHS
d. TSA
The early research of Lombroso and his contemporaries is regarded as scientific fact.
a. True
b. False
Ames would have reached this stage in the process of becoming a political criminal?
a. “You”re evil.”
b. “It’s not right.”
c. “It’s not fair.”
d. “It’s your fault.”
The___was a group of urban sociologists who examined how neighborhood conditions,
such as poverty levels, influenced crime rates. Their sociological vision transformed
into social structure theory.
a. Philadelphia School
b. Seattle School
c. Chicago School
d. New York School
_____refer to money a person gives to friends or family members who are directed to
contribute it to a specific campaign.
Discuss the issue of legalized prostitution, presenting the viewpoints of advocates for
and against legalization.
Answer:Answer not provided.
_____are life events that alter the development of a criminal career.
Discuss the major assumptions and principles of differential association theory.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Explain how the economy, abortion, gun availability, and drug use influence crime
patterns and crime rates.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Describe the major premises of the three branches of social process theory – social
learning theory, social control theory, and social reaction (labeling) theory.
Answer:Answers will vary.
The_____is the view that women who commit crimes have biological and
psychological traits similar to those of men.
The ______effect is the idea that keeping offenders in confinement will eliminate the
risk of their committing further offenses.
A strong moral sense that renders a person incapable of hurting others or violating
social norms is referred to as__________________.
According to the psychodynamic theory, the______is the primitive part of people’s
mental makeup and represents unconscious biological drives.
Does prior victimization enhance or reduce the chances of future victimization?
Explain how chemical compounds, called neurotransmitters, are associated with
aggression and other anti-social behaviors.
Answer:Answers will vary.
What elements of conflict are present in the American legal and justice systems?
Respond to this question in terms
of how and why critical criminologists view crime as a political concept designed to
protect the power and position of the upper classes at the expense of the poor.
Answer:Answers will vary.
The major premise of the relative deprivation theory is that crime occurs when the
wealthy and the poor live close to one another.
a. True
b. False
The principle that crime can be prevented or displaced by modifying the physical
environment to reduce the opportunity that individuals have to commit crime is referred
to as____ space.
Children with_____experience an ongoing pattern of uncooperative and
hostile behavior toward authority figures.