True / False
1. Cyber crime presents a compelling challenge because it is difficult to detect through traditional law enforcement
channels.
a. True
b. False
2. Cyber bullying, like all other forms of bullying, is achieved through an imbalance of power.
a. True
b. False
3. Organized crime has become multi-ethnic and now includes Asian, Latin, and European groups.
a. True
b. False
4. Pilferage refers to efforts of organized groups to download and sell copyrighted software in violation of the
software’s licensing.
a. True
b. False
5. Phishing emails and websites have become greater problems because cyber criminals can easily copy brand names
and corporate insignia into their emails and websites
a. True
b. False
6. Computer voyeurism involves cyber vandals bent on destroying computer security systems because they believe in a
philosophy of open access to systems and programs.
a. True
b. False
7. File sharing is another form of computer fraud.
a. True
b. False
8. Public order crime can be viewed as a type of enterprise crime employing sophisticated technology to achieve
illegal profits.
a. True
b. False
9. The Trojan horse looks like a benign application but contains illicit codes that can damage the system operations.
a. True
b. False
10. Computer fraud can be prosecuted as a larceny or under special laws that criminalize the theft of electronic and/or
magnetic impulse property.
a. True
b. False
11. Cyber defense can be seen as an effort by covert forces to disrupt the intersection where the virtual electronic
reality of computers meets the physical world.
a. True
b. False
12. The Internet offers cyber terrorists many advantages.
a. True
b. False
13. Terrorist groups have found using the Internet in order to raise funds to buy arms and carry out operations
particularly difficult.
a. True
b. False
14. The cost of phishing and identity theft now runs in the billions in the United States.
a. True
b. False
15. Congress has treated computer-related crime as a state and local offense rather than federalizing it.
a. True
b. False
16. Before October 30, 1998, when the Identity Theft and Assumption Act of 1998 became law, there was no
federal statute that made identity theft a crime.
a. True
b. False
17. The Convention on Cybercrime, ratified by the U.S. Senate in August 2006, was the first international treaty that
addresses the definition and enforcement of cyber crime.
a. True
b. False
18. Because of the openness of the platform, gang members avoid using social networking Internet sites such as
YouTube, and Facebook as well as personal web pages to communicate and boast about their gang membership
and related activities.
a. True
b. False
19. Transnational organized crime has power and status as its primary goal, although economic gain may also be
motivating factors.
a. True
b. False
20. Mexican and Latin American groups are quite active in the sex trade.
a. True
b. False
Multiple Choice
21. Which is not a reason why cyber crime is particularly challenging?
a. Because cyber crime is rapidly evolving.
b. Because cyber crime limits the geographic location of victims.
c. Because cyber crime allows criminals to operate more efficiently and effectively.
d. Because cyber crime is difficult to detect through law enforcement channels.
22. Your friend committed a when he flooded an internet site with emails and made the website “crash”
because the company refused to pay him a bribe.
a. denial-of–service attack
b.
“oneoffkamikaze”
attack
c. manipulation–of–service attack
d. phishing attack
23. While power in traditional bullying is the result of physical (stature) or social (competency or popularity) factors,
power in cyber bullying stems from
a. net proficiency
b. physical distance
c. manipulation
d. fear
24. When someone illegally obtains software and then “cracks” or “rips” it and posts it on the Internet for others to use,
the resulting pirated software is called
a. warez
b. split
c. slash
d. ripez
25. Some identity theft thieves create emails that look legitimate but are designed to gain access to a victim’s personal
information. This is a/an scheme.
a. phishing
b. etailing
c. slamming
d. hooking
26. Cyber criminals who engage in cyber vandalism are often motivated by
a. revenge
b. greed
c. profit
d. fear
27. What is the difference between a computer worm and a Trojan horse?
a. Computer worms self-replicate, Trojan horses do not.
b. Trojan horses self-replicate, computer worms do not.
c. Trojan horses deface websites, computer worms do not.
d. Computer worms deface websites, Trojan horses do not.
28. Which factor has NOT contributed to the alleged erosion of Mafia power in the United States?
a. the skilled younger generation of mob leaders
b. the aging of reigning mob leaders
c. government enforcement policies
d. changing values in US society
29. The evolution of organized crime has led to the , a FBI investigation tool that focuses on criminal enterprise
and investigates the structure of criminal enterprise groups.
a. enterprise theory of investigation
b. RICO theory of investigation
c. formation theory of investigation
d. Mafia theory of investigation
30. Which of the following statement is not accurate regarding organized crime?
a. Organized crime is synonymous with the Mafia.
b. Organized crime is conspiratorial activity.
c. Organized crime has economic gain as its primary goal.
d. Organized crime does not include terrorists dedicated to political change.
31. organized crime groups are believed to be the main purveyors of credit card fraud in the United States.
a. Russian
b. Chinese
c. Sicilian
d. Mexican
32. One important contemporary change in organized crime is
a. the degree of violence being used.
b. the new “softer” approach of the current organized crime syndicates.
c. the use of the Internet to support criminal activities.
d. the declining involvement in drug trafficking.
33. Cyber crime consists of three categories of crime which includes all of the following except
a. cyber commerce
b. cyber theft
c. cyber vandalism
d. cyber terrorism
34. Loading programs into the computers of financial organizations such as banks that skim small sums from each
transaction is called
a.
“salami” slicing
fraud
b. automatic teller fraud
c. file sharing fraud
d. uploading fraud
35. Once phishers have a victim’s personal
information
they can do three things. Which of the
following
is not one of
them?
a. They can gain access to preexisting accounts, banking, credit cards, and buy things using those accounts.
b. Phishers can use the
information
to open brand new banking accounts and credit cards without the victim’s
knowledge.
c. Phishers can implant viruses into their software that forwards the phishing e-mail to other recipients.
d. They can implant malware that may destroy the computers data and drives.
36. Phishing e–mails and websites have become even more of a problem because of all of the following except
a. criminals can easily copy brand names.
b. the look is so authentic that victims believe the e-mail comes from the advertised company.
c. some of those recipients will have accounts with the company that they are impersonating.
d. companies have failed to imprint design tags into their logos.
37. All of the following are examples of etail fraud except
38. When a computer hacker intrudes on another person’s website by inserting or substituting codes that expose
visitors to the site to misleading or provocative information is called
a. a denial-of-service attack
b. cyberwarfare
c. Internet sabotage
d. website defacement
39. The willful and repeated harm inflicted through the medium of electronic text is called
a. cyberbullying
b. cyberwarfare
c. cyberspying
d. cyberstalking
40. When a Trojan horse is opened it spreads in the computer system.
a. viruses
b. worms
c. logic bombs
d. spam
41. Perhaps the most active country attempting cyberespionage against the United States is
a. China
b. Hong Kong
c. Taiwan
d. Russia
42. An effort by covert forces to disrupt the intersection where the virtual electronic reality of computers meets the
physical world is the definition of
a. cyberterrorism
b. cyberwarfare
c. cyberespionage
d. cybervandalism
43. Which is not a cyber technique terrorists use to fund their groups?
a. smuggling
b. the use of bogus companies to receive and distribute money
c. funding through fraudulent charitable organizations
d. intellectual property (IP) crime
44. Cyber terrorists have many advantages. Which is not one of those advantages?
a. Cyber terrorists target Western nations, who have the resources to respond aggressively.
b. There are no borders of legal control, making it difficult for prosecutors to apply laws to some crimes.
c. Criminals can operate from countries where cyber laws barely exist.
d. Terrorists can commit crimes from anyplace in the world and the costs are minimal.
45. Piracy rates are highest in which group of countries?
a. Those with emerging economies
b. Advanced industrial countries
c. The poorest countries
d. Economic status has no role in piracy rates
46. The first and most important international treaty dealing with cybercrime is the
a. Convention on Cybercrime
b. UN Treaty on Internet-based Crime
c. International Accord on Computer Crime
d. Interpol’s Anti-piracy Law
47. One of the most successful federal efforts in combating cybercrime is the
a. New York/ New Jersey Electronic Crimes Task Force (NYECTF)
b. Counterterrorism Joint Task Force (CJTF)
c. Internet Crime Watch Bureau (ICWB)
d. Electronic Crimes Northeast Regional Office (ECNRO)
48. Which of the following is not a characteristic of transnational organized crime?
a. Transnational organized crime has economic gain as its primary goal
b. It involves continuous commitment by primary members
c. Transnational criminal syndicates employ predatory tactics, such as intimidation, violence, and corruption.
d. Transnational organized crime groups include terror organizations.
49. The development of organized crime in the United States was accelerated by which event?
a. The emergence of Al Capone in the 1920s
b. Federal regulation of all cigarette sales beginning in 1920
c. The mass immigration of ethnic minorities into the United States
d. Prohibition, resulting from passage of the Eighteenth Amendment
50. Asian based transnational crime groups are quite active in all of the following areas except
a. human trafficking
b. narcotics
c. money laundering
d. loan sharking
In 2011 a Georgia woman named Catherine Griffin was indicted by a federal grand jury on charges of computer
fraud by accessing information on government computers for private financial gain. It seems that Catherine was paid
to fraudulently obtain the Federal governments “FirstTime Home Buyer Tax Credits” for friends and relatives who
were not eligible to receive the credits and had not purchased homes during the eligible time period. How did she do
it? Simple, she was hired as a seasonal employee by the IRS which gave her access to the IRS computer system. In
exchange for $2000, she used her access to alter her co-conspirators taxpayer information, making them eligible for
the government grants. The computer fraud charges each carry a maximum sentence of 5 years in prison and a fine
of up to $250,000.
51. Catherine Griffin’s actions were not only criminal but also fell under the category of cybercrime because
a. she used a computer to access and alter data
b. she worked at a computer station
c. the job required computer skills
d. she used the Internet
52. Given the description in the preface, Catherine Griffin would have been charged with
a. computer fraud
b. etailing
c. website defacement
d. identity theft
53. Griffin was most likely motivated to cybercrime for which reason?
a. profit
b. revenge
c. politics
d. ideology
54. Griffin would not have been guilty of which of the following crimes?
a. computer security breach
b. fraud
c. cyber theft
d. theft of electronic property
55. Given the nature and location of the crime, which agency likely arrested Griffin?
a. Federal Bureau of Investigation
b. Georgia State Police
c. Interpol
d. the Cybercrimes Division of the Department of Justice
In 2005, agents of the Chinese group known as Titan Rain were able to penetrate computers, enter hidden sections
of a hard drive, zip up as many files as possible, and transmit the data to way stations in South Korea, Hong Kong, or
Taiwan before sending them to mainland China. Titan Rain was able to penetrate the Redstone Arsenal military
base and NASA and the U.S. Army’s flight-planning software was electronically stolen. The Pentagon has issued a
report on China, acknowledging that hackers in China had penetrated the Pentagon’s computer system several
times.
56. Likely employed by the Chinese Government, members of Titan Rain, on behalf of China, engaged in
a. cyberwarfare
b. cybervandalism
c. cybertheft
d. cyberterrorism
57. Members of Titan Rain, if arrested, would be charged with what crime?
a. espionage
b. website defacement
c. cyberspying
d. cyberterrorism
58. Illegally gaining access to a computer or computer network, as Titan Rain did, is called
a. hacking
b. worming
c. breaching
d. skulking
59. Responding to these threats, the United States government announced in 2011 that computer sabotage by
another country
a. could constitute an act of war
b. would be investigated by Interpol
c. would be brought before the UN Security Council
d. would be prosecuted in US courts
60. The actions of Titan Rain are a classic example of
a. cyberespionage
b. transnational organized crime
c. a denial-of-service attack
d. effective cybercrime enforcement
Yi Qing Chen was convicted in 2011of distributing methamphetamine, trafficking approximately 800,000 cases of
counterfeit cigarettes, and conspiring to import Chinese-made shoulder-fired missiles into the U.S. He is now serving
a 25–year prison sentence, and his case marks the end of a long-running investigation called Operation Smoking
Dragon. Chen was the first person convicted under the nation’s first anti-terrorism statute that outlaws the
importation of missile systems designed to destroy aircraft.
61. Yi Qing Chen was likely a member of a
a. transnational organized crime gang.
b. terrorist organizaton
c. terrorist cell
d. foreign government
62. Given the description in the preface, Yi Qing Chen as likely a member of which organized crime unit?
a. Red Wa
b. Yakuza
c. Armenian Power
d. Sureños
63. Chen was the first person convicted under the nation’s first
anti-terrorism
statute because of which reason?
a. The attempted importation of missile systems designed to destroy aircraft
b. Distributing methamphetamine
c. Trafficking counterfeit cigarettes
d. Chen is a Chinese national
64. Chen would not likely be considered a terrorist because
a. his motivation was profit
b. he never intended to use the anti-aircraft missiles
c. he didn’t hate the United States
d. he was likely working on behalf of the Chinese government
65. Chen activities would be considered transnational because
a. his criminal activities crossed multiple state boundaries
b. he is of Chinese origin
c. he flew to the United States
d. the anti-aircraft missiles were made in China
66. Why is cyber crime a compelling challenge to criminologists and law enforcement entities?
68. Using examples of both types of cyber crimes, discuss and compare the motivations of criminals engaged in acts of
cyber theft and cyber vandalism.
69. Discuss how identity theft occurs and the mechanisms used to steal one’s identity.
70. Identify and describe the various forms of cyber vandalism.
71. Organized crime has evolved since the “traditional days” of the Mafia. Discuss how and why organized crime has
changed. What does contemporary organized crime “look like?”
72. Describethemajorcriminalactivitiesof transnationalorganizedcrime.
73. Trace the evolution of organized crime.
74. Discuss efforts to control cybercrime.
75. Explain why cyber terrorists use cyberspace and discuss for what purposes.
Completion
76. organized crime is a form of organized crime operating across national borders.
77. Efforts to combat transnational organized crime are typically in the hands of agencies.
78. The most effective legislative measure in combating organized crime is the 1970 .
79. Some cyber criminals are motivated less by profit and more by the urge to commit , or technological
destruction.
81. In a scheme, erroneous and deceptive information is posted online to get unsuspecting investors
interested in a stock while those spreading the information sell previously purchased stock at an inflated price.
82. are similar to viruses but use computer networks or the Internet to self-replicate and send themselves to
other users, generally via e-mail, without the aid of the operator.
83. use electronic communications to send unsolicited messages in bulk.
84. The next war may be in .
85. The are an underground criminal societies based in Hong Kong who control secret markets and bus routes
and are often involved in money laundering and drug trafficking.