terrorism involves citizens or the territory of more than one country.
a. International
b. State
c. Official
d. “Real”
Police are more likely to arrest the mentally ill, giving the illusion that they are
crime-prone.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following offenses would be classified as a felony?
a. petty larceny
b. assault and battery
c. burglary
d. disturbing the peace
John Lea and Jock Young, leaders of the leftist realism movement, contend that
a. the poor are doubly abused, first by the capitalist system and then by members of
their own class.
b. the wealthy and poor are equally victimized and laws should reflect that equality.
c. the economic inequality in capitalist societies serves to encourage lower class
members to improve their economic status.
d. critical feminists failed to address the patriarchal dominance in American society.
There is little evidence that incapacitating criminals will deter them from future
criminality.
a. True
b. False
Which neurotransmitter is shown to facilitate aggressive behavior?
a. dopamine
b. melatonin
c. octopamine
d. serotonin
Victim compensation is financial aid awarded to victims to repay them for loss and
injury. Who ordinarily pays compensation?
a. victim advocates
b. the offender
c. the federal government
d. the state
During a Feb. 27, 2012 rampage at Chardon High School, T. J. Lane opened fire in an
Ohio high school cafeteria in a rampage that left three students dead and three others
wounded. Convicted of murder, when Lane was given the opportunity to make a
statement to the court, he gave a short, crude statement that ended with a curse before
sticking up his middle finger in the courtroom filled with the loved ones of the three
students he gunned down.
The label that most closely (though not quite exactly) applies to T. J. Lane would be
a. spree killer
b. mass murderer
c. serial killer
d. terrorist
A lack of economic opportunity and recessionary economies motivates some to engage
in terrorism is from which motivational view?
a. Economic
b. Psychological
c. Socialization
d. Ideological
Navy Lt. Cmdr. Rebecca Dickinson, 38 years old and a divorced mother of three,
worked for a prostitution ring run by a California businesswoman known as the D. C.
Madam, but then filed for bankruptcy. In a criminal trial that exposed and embarrassed
the influential clients of the large sex-for-hire business, the early days of the trial were
remarkable for the public humiliation of an accomplished but financially desperate
Navy officer who was paid $130 a 90-minute session.
Based on the information in the preface, Lt. Cmdr. Dickinsin would be considered what
type of prostitute?
a. streetwalker
b. brothel prostitute
c. call girl
d. bar girl
On March 12, 2009, financier Bernard Madoff pled guilty to an 11-count criminal
complaint, charging him with violating the antifraud provisions of the Securities Act of
1933, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
At his hearing, Madoff admitted that he had defrauded thousands of investors in the
nation’s most elaborate financial crime. On June 29, 2009, Madoff was sentenced to 150
years in prison, a life sentence. Madoff’s Ponzi scheme has been estimated to have cost
clients some $65 billion, maybe the largest criminal conspiracy in history.
The type of crime Madoff perpetrated was a(n)
a. swindle
b. embezzlement
c. client fraud
d. corporate crime
Caesar Beccaria, in the 1700s, was one of the first scholars to develop a systematic
understanding of why people commit crime. Beccaria help to form the core of what
today is referred to as criminology.
a. determinism
b. classical
c. positivism
d. Marxism
The general theory of crime links the propensity to commit crime to low intelligence
and body build.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is a contention of opponents of pornography?
a. Pornography has increased racism in the United States.
b. Pornography is allowable if sold only in adult book stores.
c. Pornography serves to encourage women to enter pornographic industries.
d. Pornography degrades both the people who are participants and the public who are
sometimes forced to see it.
Peacemaking criminologists view the efforts of the state to punish and control crime as
a. an effective means of controlling the crimes of all social classes.
b. encouraging crime rather than discouraging it.
c. focusing on poverty rather than socioeconomic status.
d. efforts to repair severed relationships in society.
Michael has a history of acting out since he was two years old. As a child, Michael’s
acting out consisted of disrespecting his parents. By the age of twelve he was skipping
school and hanging out with older boys in the neighborhood. By the time he was fifteen
he started using drugs and alcohol.
Michael was consistently uncooperative with his parents. He was hostile to all authority
figures including teachers and police officers. He would frequently lose his temper and
blame everyone else for his misbehavior. What mental disorder was most likely the
appropriate diagnosis for Michael?
a. bipolar disorder
b. mood disorder
c. oppositional disorder
d. schizophrenia
According to trajectory theory, some people enter multiple pathways to crime
simultaneously.
a. True
b. False
Research affirms Hirschi’s contention that delinquents are detached loners whose bonds
to friends have been broken.
a. True
b. False
According to the textbook, the crime discussed in the preface would be a
a. blue-collar crime
b. white-collar crime
c. crime against humanity
d. green-crime
According to Graham Allison in his book NuclearTerrorism, what percentage of the
50,000 daily cargo containers to the United States are screened?
a. less than 5 percent
b. 25 percent
c. 50 percent
d. over 75 percent
Some individuals see it as their duty to rid the world of evil. These individuals often
engage in reactive hate crimes.
a. True
b. False
Travis Hirschi states that the social bonds a person maintains with society are divided
into four main elements.
Which of the following is NOT one of these elements?
a. attachment
b. commitment
c. affection
d. involvement
When insurgents use violence, it is designed to inspire support and gain converts while
at the same time destroying
the government’s ability to resist.
a. True
b. False
Shaw and McKay’s statistical analysis confirmed that even though crime rates changed,
the highest rates were always in Zones I and Zone II.
a. True
b. False
Beth was a victim of childhood physical and sexual abuse. She is now 40 years old and
is a well-respected journalist who works for a nationally known magazine. She also
travels around the country speaking to crime victims.
Beth’s progression from child victim to advocate of victims may best be explained by
an increase in her
a. school scholarships
b. income
c. age
d. institutional support
Auto thieves are not selective in their choice of target since all cars can be stripped for
their valuable parts.
a. True
b. False
Pharmacists have been known to alter prescriptions or substitute low-cost generic drugs
for more expensive name brands. This is an example of which category of white-collar
crime?
a. professional chiseling
b. churning
c. employee fraud
d. influence peddling
Williams was not charged with this crime because he acted alone, did not use a weapon,
and caused no injury to the victim.
a. marital exemption
b. aggravated rape
c. common law rape
d. statutory rape
Which issue presents an obstacle to controlling drugs via source control strategies?
a. The drug trade is an important source of foreign revenue and source control
undermines third world economies.
b. The amount of foreign grown narcotics is so vast that even if 75 percent of the opium
market were destroyed, the United States would still require only 10 percent of the
remainder to sustain its drug trade.
c. Even if the government of one nation were willing to cooperate in vigorous drug
suppression efforts, other nations would be eager to cash in on the drug trade void.
d. These are all issues that present obstacles to controlling drugs via source control
strategies.
Which is not a reason why cyber crime is particularly challenging?
a. Because cyber crime is rapidly evolving.
b. Because cyber crime limits the geographic location of victims.
c. Because cyber crime allows criminals to operate more efficiently and effectively.
d. Because cyber crime is difficult to detect through law enforcement channels.
According to mental health expert Randy Borum, mental illness is not a critical factor
in explaining terrorist
behavior.
a. True
b. False
According to the general theory of crime, people who are risky and want immediate
gratification possess
a. high self-esteem.
b. low self-esteem.
c. high self-control.
d. low self-control.
Sigmund Freud believed that human aggression and violence are produced by
instinctual drives. _____is the death instinct that is sometimes expressed externally as
violence or internally as suicide and alcoholism.
a. Hostility
b. Eros
c. Narcissism
d. Thanatos