Behaviorists view aggression as an inherited behavior.
a. True
b. False
According to institutional anomie theorists, the______is both a goal and process to
accumulate goods and wealth.
a. American Dream
b. American Hope
c. American Ideal
d. American Myth
According to the routing activities theory, teenagers are considered capable guardians.
a. True
b. False
Agnew suggests that criminality is the direct result of______the anger, frustration and
adverse emotions associated with destructive social relationships.
a. siege mentality
b. negative affective states
c. relative deprivation
d. focal concerns
Which researcher focused on cultural norms and focal concerns?
a. Miller
b. Cohen
c. Cloward
d. Ohlin
Madoff received a sentence of 150 years for his crimes. Already elderly, Madoff is
destined to die in prison.
This type of sentence is an example of
a. deterrence
b. compliance
c. inducement
d. plea bargaining
Substance abuse is an ancient practice dating back more than 4,000 years.
a. True
b. False
The UCR contains data on Part I and Part II crimes. Which of the following is not a Part
I crime?
a. hate crime
b. arson
c. forcible rape
d. aggravated assault
The police chief in Anytown, USA is conducting weekly seminars where the residents
of his city can come and learn about crime rates, crime trends, and crime patterns in
their city. Every week the seminars seem to become more popular. At the most recent
seminar, 200 people attended. They had to move the seminar into the city auditorium.
At this week’s seminar, one of the participants asked the chief of police to comment on
crime rates. Which statement below would the chief be able to state with certitude?
a. “Speculating about future crime trends is risky because change can occur rapidly.”
b. “Crime rates will continue to decrease because they have been decreasing for the past
20 years and crime trends move in 40 year cycles.”
c. “Crime rates will most likely increase because the baby boomer population is
increasing.”
d. “All U.S. cities will experience a decrease in crime rates next year because
international crime rates continue to decline.”
A validity concern associated with the NCVS involves
a. victims overreporting crime.
b. its large sample size.
c. interviewing household members under the age of 12.
d. police officers who fail to disclose crimes in which they are involved.
Which of the following issues has been raised regarding the validity of social control
theory?
a. Delinquency may lead to weakened social bonds, not vice versa.
b. Social control theory has never been empirically tested.
c. Social control theory applies primarily to lower-class youth and does not explain the
criminal behavior of middle- and upper-class youth.
d. Social control theory relies too heavily on social relationships that are difficult to
measure.
The major premise of the biochemical theory is that:
a. as the human race evolved, traits and characteristics became ingrained, some of
which make aggressive and predisposed to commit crime.
b. criminality of the parents can predict the delinquency of children.
c. criminals and delinquents often suffer brain impairment.
d. crime is a function of diet and food allergies.
Cyber criminals who engage in cyber vandalism are often motivated by
a. revenge
b. greed
c. profit
d. fear
Primary deviance involves resocialization into a deviant role and produces a deviance
amplification effect.
a. True
b. False
Which category of prostitute is believed to be responsible for the recent upsurge in
prostitution?
a. bar girls
b. skeezers
c. call girls
d. ehookers
An effort by covert forces to disrupt the intersection where the virtual electronic reality
of computers meets the physical world is the definition of
a. cyberterrorism
b. cyberwarfare
c. cyberespionage
d. cybervandalism
Chen activities would be considered transnational because
a. his criminal activities crossed multiple state boundaries
b. he is of Chinese origin
c. he flew to the United States
d. the anti-aircraft missiles were made in China
The earliest record of prostitution appears in ancient Mesopotamia, where priests
engaged in sex to promote fertility in the community.
a. True
b. False
The process of becoming stigmatized by crime labels is interactive. Labeling theorists
blame the establishment of criminal careers on
a. parents.
b. crime control agencies.
c. teachers.
d. the criminals themselves.
Loading programs into the computers of financial organizations such as banks that skim
small sums from each transaction is called
a. ‘salami” slicing fraud
b. automatic teller fraud
c. file sharing fraud
d. uploading fraud
What discovery prompted the scientific study of victims?
a. the discovery that society focuses on the offender’s role in the crime process
b. the discovery that victims play an important role in the crime process
c. the discovery that the crime process is skewed toward offenders
d. the discovery that the crime process is skewed toward victims
Neutralization theory points out that
a. criminal behavior is learned in much the same way that conformity is learned.
b. even the most committed criminals and delinquents are not involved in criminality all
the time.
c. criminality is a product of weak self-concept and poor self-esteem.
d. law is differentially applied, benefiting those who hold economic and social power
and penalizing the powerless.
Female and male burglars show similar offending patterns but specific gender
differences do exist. Which is one of those differences?
a. Female burglars are more likely to work with a partner.
b. Female burglars are more likely to be repeat or recurrent offenders.
c. Female burglars begin offending at an earlier age.
d. Female burglars have a greater risk of being caught.
Social disorganization theory was popularized by the work of two Chicago sociologists:
a. Robert Agnew and Albert Cohen
b. Robert Merton and Emile Durkheim
c. Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay
d. Steven Messner and Richard Rossenfeld
Those living in poverty engage in disproportionate amounts of expressive crimes, such
as rape and assault.
a. True
b. False
What research finding counters criminologists who claim that only low-IQ criminals get
caught?
a. Adolescents with low IQs are more likely to commit crime.
b. There is little difference in the IQ scores of self-reported and official criminals.
c. Low IQs equally prevail in offenders receiving prison sentences or probation.
d. Violent criminals have high IQs.
Peter and Paul are both convinced that there are too many opportunities to commit
crime not to continue.
What theory best explains why Peter and Paul would continue to commit crime based
on this rationale?
a. Social disorganization theory
b. Social control theory
c. Social learning theory
d. Social reaction theory
People living in rural areas have a victimization rate almost than that of city dwellers.
a. 25 percent higher
b. 50 percent higher
c. 25 percent lower
d. 50 percent lower
The Earth Liberation Front is an example of an eco-terrorism group.
a. True
b. False
Not only should criminological research do no harm to subjects, but this research
should also
a. lead to prestige and status for the researcher.
b. result in financial gain for the researcher.
c. result in financial gain for research subjects.
d. be empowering and directly useful to research subjects.
Diversion programs are used for both juvenile and adult offenders.
a. True
b. False
Public order crimes are outlawed because they threaten the general wellbeing of society
and challenge society’s
accepted moral principles.
a. True
b. False
Given the nature and location of the crime, which agency likely arrested Griffin?
a. Federal Bureau of Investigation
b. Georgia State Police
c. Interpol
d. the Cybercrimes Division of the Department of Justice
Developmental criminologists trace criminal careers over the life course.
a. True
b. False
The _______ is the foundation of Judeo-Christian moral teachings and a basis for the
U.S. legal system.
Identify the causes of political crime.
Answer:Answer not provided
Theft of personal property has been known throughout recorded history. Discuss the
rich history of theft offenses.
Answer:Answer not provided.
The practice of sending suspected terrorists to foreign prisons that permit torture in the
interrogation of suspects is_____________