Biosocial research has found that abnormal levels of the male sex hormones or
androgens produce aggressive behavior.
a. True
b. False
The restorative justice model holds that____ should be applied to prevent and control
crime.
a. deterrence
b. incapacitation
c. reconciliation
d. retribution
Approximately two-thirds of rapes and sexual assaults occur between the hours of 6:00
p.m. and 6:00 a.m.
a. True
b. False
The dumping of toxic chemicals such as kepone, vinyl chloride, or mercury into the soil
is known as criminal environmental pollution.
a. True
b. False
According to deterrence theory, not only does the actual chance of punishment
influence criminality, but so does the
perceptionof punishment.
a. True
b. False
Emergency preparedness and response is an example of confronting terrorism with the
law.
a. True
b. False
African Americans comprise 20 percent of all serial murders but their involvement is
masked because the media rarely focuses on black multiple murderers.
a. True
b. False
Martha is a mother of two boys, ages 6 and 10. Her husband recently left her and the
children. Shortly after her husband left, the police came to Martha’s house to inform her
that her husband was wanted for several very serious crimes.
Martha had always had the feeling that her husband was capable of hurting others. She
believed that he “looked” like a criminal and explained to the detective that his physical
features gave him a criminal appearance. What branch of criminology best explains
Martha’s perception of her husband’s appearance and alleged criminality?
a. classical criminology
b. contemporary criminology
c. positivist criminology
d. sociological criminology
According to social structure theory, the root cause of crime can be directly traced to
a. individual socialization.
b. socioeconomic disadvantages that have become embedded in American society.
c. lower-class mistrust of social control institutions.
d. the lack of political power within the under-class.
Social strata are created by the unequal distribution of wealth. While the upper-class is
exceptionally well-to-do,____people live in poverty in America.
a. 1,000,000
b. 17,000,000
c. 46,000,000
d. 67,000,000
Mr. Smith is a middle school teacher. He teaches 8th grade history. In his class are
thirteen and fourteen year olds. The majority of his class happens to be boys. Mr. Smith
is noticing changes in behavior is some of his students.
Mr. Smith wants to speak with George’s parents. Mr. Smith believes that George is
relatively a good kid but has begun to disrespect him and bullying other children.
Which of the developmental theories proposes that George’s potential criminal
propensity can be reduced if Mr. Smith helps George’s parents understand proper
parenting techniques?
a. life course theory
b. propensity theory
c. trajectory theory
d. latent trait theory
Gottfredson and Hirschi trace the root cause of poor self-control to
a. lack of education.
b. inadequate child-rearing practices.
c. weak social bonds.
d. peer associations.
Chronic offenders eventually age out of crime.
a. True
b. False
According to the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development which group was more
likely to experience life failure?
a. non-offenders
b. very low-rate chronic offenders
c. high adolescence peak offenders
d. high-rate chronic offenders
Which is not considered a criticism of globalization?
a. exploitation of natural resources
b. avoiding regulation
c. taking advantage of desperate workers
d. decrease the standard of living in third world countries
“Let the punishment fit the crime” refers to which criminological school of thought?
a. positivist criminology
b. developmental criminology
c. classical criminology
d. sociological criminology
Profits produced by the laboring classes are accrued by business owners who use these
profits for reinvestment or to enrich themselves. This key crime-producing effort of
modern corporate capitalism is termed
a. excess abundance.
b. surplus value.
c. profit distribution.
d. differential wealth.
Compliance strategies rely on the threat of economic sanctions or civil penalties to
control potential violators.
a. True
b. False
Which type of criminology considers punitive crime control strategies to be
counterproductive?
a. power-control
b. peacemaking
c. left-realism
d. classical
Most people commit less crime as they mature.
a. True
b. False
The theory which would best explain the criminal actions of Timeshare Mega Media
would be
a. rational choice: greed
b. rational choice: need
c. cultural view
d. self-control view
The smuggling of wildlife across national borders is called human trafficking.
a. True
b. False
The concept behind rational choice theory is that crime is a function of a
decision-making process in which the potential offender weighs the potential costs and
benefits of an illegal act.
a. True
b. False
Sutherland’s research on crime led him to dispute the notion that crime was a function
of the inherent inadequacy of people in the lower classes.
a. True
b. False
Piracy rates are highest in which group of countries?
a. Those with emerging economies
b. Advanced industrial countries
c. The poorest countries
d. Economic status has no role in piracy rates
Globalization is of particular concern for critical theorists. What concept inherent in
globalization do critical theorists find problematic?
a. sexism
b. industrialization
c. mechanization
d. surplus value
There is a stronger link between criminal behavior and identical twins, than between
criminal behavior and fraternal twins.
a. True
b. False
Of all the commonly practiced paraphilias, which causes the general public the most
concern?
a. pedophilia
b. frotteurism
c. sadomasochism
d. exhibitionism
Campaign contributions refer to money a person gives to friends or family members
who are directed to contribute it to a specific campaign.
a. True
b. False
_____is a disturbing behavior whereby men travel overseas to places such as Thailand
in order to engage in illicit sexual behavior with young girls who have been sold into
prostitution.
a. Pedophilia tourism
b. Pedophilia trafficking
c. Sex tourism
d. Sex trafficking
Stalking cases are often dropped by the courts despite the fact that stalkers often have
extensive criminal histories and are frequently the subject of protective orders.
a. True
b. False
In what way are critical criminologists concerned with domination?
Answer:Answers will vary.
Explain how victim impulsivity is associated with victim precipitation. Why does this
personality trait contribute to victimization risk?
Answer:Answers will vary.
Programs that seek to treat personal problems before they manifest themselves as
crimes are referred to as___________________.
According to the____ approach, environmental harm is viewed as any human activity
that disrupts abiosystem.
The______ theory is the view that disadvantaged economic class position is a primary
cause of crime.
Describe how victim advocates and crisis intervention programs assist victims.
Answer:Answers will vary.
A _____is a serious offense that carries a penalty of imprisonment, usually for one year
or more.
Acts that vent rage, anger, or frustration are called _____violence.
The terms terrorist, revolutionary, insurgent, and guerilla are often confused and
misunderstood. Define and discuss these terms.
Answer:Answer not provided.
What evidence supports the view that crime is rational? Include various types of
criminal behaviors in your discussion.
Answer:Answers will vary.
_____is the ability of persons and groups to control the behavior of others, to shape
public opinion, and to define deviance.
A person who kills three or more persons in three or more separate events meets the
criteria of a____ .
The branch of social structure theory that focuses on the breakdown in inner-city
neighborhoods of institutions such as the family is_____ theory.
______is the view that human behavior is motivated by inborn biological urges to
survive and preserve the species
Discuss the relationship between hormonal changes and mood and behavior.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Several factors explain gender differences in the crime rate. Identify and discuss these
factors.
Answer:Answers will vary.