Psychological disorders are prevalent among victims of domestic violence.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is NOT a basic concern of critical criminologists?
a. the increased effect of mass media pertaining to demystifying the law
b. the role the government plays in creating a crimogenic environment
c. the relationship between personal or group power and the shaping of criminal law
d. the prevalence of bias in justice system operations
What are the standards by which authority figures evaluate lower-class youngsters and
often pre-judge them negatively?
a. focal concerns
b. middle-class measuring rods
c. negative affective states
d. status frustrations
Public order crimes that violate the moral order but has no specific victim oter than
society as a whole is called a victimless crime.
a. True
b. False
All of the following would be considered an instrumental crime EXCEPT:
a. pawning stolen merchandise
b. rape
c. selling drugs
d. theft
The criminal actions of Timeshare Mega Media would be considered white-crime if
a. the company actually existed as a legitimate business
b. the company had executive board members running it
c. the company had not fired the criminal employees
d. the company was listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Andrew ended up moving to Los Angeles to pursue a career in acting. After six months,
Andrew became a bus- boy in an exclusive restaurant in Los Angeles where he serves
very wealthy and even famous patrons. He
starts to compare his life circumstances to these customers and begins forming negative
self-feelings and
hostility. Andrew’s reaction is a response to:
a. unmet expectations
b. collective efficacy
c. deprived gratification
d. relative deprivation
______refers to the rubbing against or touching of a non-consenting adult in a crowd.
a. Exhibitionism
b. Frotteurism
c. Pedophilia
d. Voyeurism
The research on biochemical theories focuses on twin and sibling behavior.
a. True
b. False
At the age of 15, Julie gave birth to twin sons. Julie was a high school dropout and did
not have a job. She was not able to take proper care of the boys so she decided to give
them up for adoption. Their father was convicted of armed robbery and rape. He signed
over his custody rights to the state while serving a 30 year prison sentence.
Which biosocial theory would promote that research be done to see if the boys will be
delinquent like their father?
a. biochemical
b. neurological
c. genetic
d. evolutionary
While people are disturbed by media accounts of violent incidents, in reality media
reports simply reflect the significant increase in violent crimes since 1991.
a. True
b. False
Exploiters force victims to pay for services to which victims have no clear right.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following statements does NOT reflect labeling theory?
a. Labeling theory identifies the role played by social agents in crime causation.
b. Labeling theory recognizes that criminality is a disease or a pathological behavior.
c. Labeling theory distinguishes between criminal acts and criminal careers.
d. Labeling theory focuses attention on the social interactions and reactions that shape
individuals and their behavior.
Which of the following statements is inaccurate in terms of the empirical research
supporting Laub and Sampson’s age-graded theory?
a. Criminality appears to be dynamic and is affected by behaviors occurring over the
life course.
b. People who get involved with the justice system as adolescents may find that their
career paths are blocked well into adulthood.
c. Criminal career trajectories are impossible to reverse, even if life conditions improve.
d. Accumulating social capital reduces crime rates.
What does research indicate about the effects of legalizing prostitution?
a. Legalization leads to zoned areas where prostitution is cordoned off from suburban
neighborhoods.
b. Legalization results in lower pay but increased freedom for prostitutes.
c. Legalization protects women from violence, verbal abuse, and physical injuries.
d. Legalization leads to massive expansion of the trade, both legal and illegal.
The integrative methodology in the early research of_______formed the basis of today’s
developmental approach.
a. James Q. Wilson and Richard Herrnstein
b. Eleanor Glueck and Sheldon Glueck
c. Rolf Loeber and Marc LeBlanc
d. Marvin Wolfgang and Terri Moffitt
Some acts that cause enormous amounts of social harm are perfectly legal.
a. True
b. False
Errors in cognition and information processing have been used to explain the behaviors
of child abusers.
a. True
b. False
To be considered terrorism, an act must
a. be carried out with the intent to disrupt and change the government
b. be a common-law crime committed for greed or egotism.
c. be state-sponsored only
d. involve the mass murders of innocent victims
Governor Smith is interested in overhauling the criminal justice system in his state. He
realizes that this in a huge endeavor and will need the help of many experts in the field
that make up the agencies of social control. He begins assembling his team to look at
crime and the criminal justice system in his state.
The lawyers on his team believe that acts prohibited by the criminal law constitute
behaviors considered unacceptable and impermissible. They believe that government
should achieve a number of social goals when outlawing certain behaviors. Which
common goal is said to have been met by applying criminal punishments that are
designed to prevent crimes before they occur?
a. enforce social control
b. discourage revenge
c. teach moral values
d. deter criminal behavior
For months after her husband left, Martha tried to obtain full-time employment in order
to better provide for her sons. She applied to over 50 full-time jobs and never received a
response. Martha perceives that she is not being hired because she is a woman and is
contemplating committing illegal activities in order to provide for her children. Which
view of the definition of crime is Martha most likely to support at this point in her life?
a. conflict view
b. consensus view
c. criminal view
d. interactionist view
Why are personal relationships, including establishing communication and common
goals, strained in socially disorganized neighborhoods?
a. Because the hostility of long-term residents makes it difficult for new people to move
into the neighborhood.
b. Because residents are constantly moving in and out of the neighborhood.
c. Because police refuse to organize neighborhood groups.
d. Because gang formation disrupts families in the neighborhood.
Guns do not cause violence, but their presence can escalate its severity.
a. True
b. False
According to the social control theory, unless Peter and Paul have an attachment to a , it
is unlikely that respect for other authorities will develop.
a. Coach
b. Friend
c. Parent
d. Religious official
The one trait shared by all of the clients of the Emperor’sVIPClubwas their
a. poverty
b. anonymity
c. wealth
d. history of substance abuse
An overwhelming majority of females who experience anxiety and hostility before and
during menstruation engage in violent criminal behavior.
a. True
b. False
What is the process whereby secondary deviance pushes offenders out of mainstream
society and locks them into an escalating cycle of deviance?
a. deviance amplification
b. differential enforcement
c. reflected appraisal
d. retrospective reading
Which of the following offenses would be classified as a misdemeanor?
a. rape
b. assault
c. grand theft auto
d. petit theft
In Wolfgang et al.’s study of male juvenile delinquents, what percentage were chronic
offenders?
a. 6 percent
b. 10 percent
c. 16 percent
d. 20 percent
The theory that explains that some women have biological and psychological traits
similar to those of men and thus may be more likely to commit crime is referred to as
the:
a. anti-feminine hypothesis
b. femme-fatale hypothesis
c. liberal-feminist hypothesis
d. masculinity hypothesis
According to the biological/psychological perspective, which type of forces account for
crime?
a. internal
b. political
c. ecological
d. situational
Sociologist Jack Katz argues that there are immediate benefits to criminality which he
labels the “lures of crime.”
a. True
b. False
Travis Hirschi tested the principal hypotheses of social control theory. While evidence
was strong and supportive, what is the most controversial aspect of Hirschi’s
conclusions?
a. Youths who are strongly attached to parents were less likely to commit crime.
b. Youths who were involved in conventional activities were less likely to engage in
criminal behavior.
c. Youths who maintained weak, distant relationships with people tended toward
delinquency.
d. Any form of social attachment is beneficial, even to deviant peers and parents.
According to Diana Fishbin, there is an association between and elevated levels of
female aggression.
a. diet
b. divorce
c. menstruation
d. pregnancy
Describe the conditions necessary in a commercial sexual transaction (i.e., prostitution)
and the current trend in arrests for prostitution.
Answer:Answer not provided.
______is the study of the victim’s role in criminal events.
A system of society or government controlled by men is_____ .
Positive, life-sustaining relations with individuals and institutions are referred to
as__________________________.
______is efforts to prevent crime through community organization and youth
involvement.
What are the differences between felonies and misdemeanors. Provide examples of each
of these types of crimes.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Compare revolutionary and political terrorism and identify a practitioner of each.
Answer:Answer not provided
Discuss the basic assumptions of contemporary trait theorists. Explain why trait
theorists have gained recent prominence.
Answer:Answer will vary.
______are segments of the population whose members have a relatively similar
economic level.
______crimes are offenses designed to improve the financial or social position of the
criminal.
_____is the study of the victim’s role in criminal events.
Compare and contrast the consensus, conflict and interactionist views of crime.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Identify and discuss the various sub-areas that comprise the criminological enterprise.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Donations to_____ , many of them based in Saudi Arabia, are a major source of terrorist
funding.
______are similar to viruses but use computer networks or the Internet to self-replicate
and send themselves to other users, generally via e-mail, without the aid of the operator.