Counselors who help victims to understand the operations of the criminal justice
system, who guide victims through the justice process, and who may provide
transportation to and from court are called
a. victim advisors.
b. victim reconcilers.
c. victim advocates.
d. victim compensators.
Cloward and Ohlin’s classic work DelinquencyandOpportunitycombined strain and
social disorganization principles to explain
a. violent crim
b. gang formation
c. vandalism
d. drug dealing
The treatment rape survivors receive from legal, medical, and mental health services is
sometimes so destructive that victims cannot help feeling
a. “re-tried”
b. “re-blamed”
c. “re-raped”
d. “re-pained”
Computer fraud can be prosecuted as a larceny or under special laws that criminalize
the theft of electronic and/or magnetic impulse property.
a. True
b. False
The “Hierarchy Rule” impacts the validity of the National Crime Victimization Survey.
a. True
b. False
Critical feminists believe that capitalism creates egalitarian families.
a. True
b. False
Affirmative action programs have erased the economic gulf between whites and
minorities.
a. True
b. False
Trevor is a habitual criminal offender. He has committed dozens of robberies, hundreds
of burglaries and stolen approximately 30 vehicles. Trevor was fourteen when he was
first arrested for stealing a car. He is now forty-four years old and just got out of prison.
He spent ten years in prison for an armed robbery.
The judge explained to Trevor at his sentencing hearing ten years ago that if he is
arrested and convicted of another crime after he serves his ten years, he is likely to get a
lifetime prison sentence under strict sentencing guidelines. Trevor remembers the words
of the judge when he is released from prison. If the
judge’s words are what have convinced Trevor to remain crime free, what crime control
policy has successfully
kept Trevor law abiding?
a. general deterrence
b. specific deterrence
c. incapacitation
d. rehabilitation
Most reported crimes occur during the months of April and May.
a. True
b. False
Criminologists interested in computing criminal statistics focus on creating____ and
____measurements of criminal behavior.
a. tactical, strategic
b. valid, reliable
c. legal, positivist
d. current, applicable
The view of crime suggesting that the social and economic roles of women in society
controls their crime rates is termed
a. liberation theory.
b. the femininity hypothesis.
c. the masculinity hypothesis.
d. liberal feminist theory.
_____are behaviors outlawed because they are a threat to the general well-being of
society and challenge accepted moral principles.
a. Moral order crimes
b. Civic deviances
c. Public order crimes
d. Ethical deviances
Which of the following situations reflects an act of deviance as opposed to a crime?
a. a thief who steals an unlocked automobile
b. a passerby who observes a person drowning and does not offer aid
c. a person who withdraws from family after joining a religious cult
d. a man who rapes a woman
Which of the following would NOT be considered a diversion program?
a. alcohol treatment program
b. mental health program
c. prison
d. restitution
The use of the term ‘terrorism” began in 1795 in reference to
a. the divine right of kings
b. development of the modern state
c. the Reign of Terror
d. American Revolution
A subculture of violence and the main culture have identical views when it comes to
violence.
a. True
b. False
The family group conference method is usually used for habitual violent offenders.
a. True
b. False
According to Life Course Theory, the early onset of antisocial behavior strongly
predicts later and more serious criminality.
a. True
b. False
Foreign attacks on American corporations in an effort to steal trade secrets or to achieve
some other goal is the definition of
a. industrial espionage
b. industrial treason
c. economic espionage
d. state-directed terrorism
The crime and human nature model proposes that biological and psychological traits
influence the crime-non-crime choice.
a. True
b. False
Crimes of the marketplace are referred to as_____ crime and include white-collar
crime, cyber crime and organized crime.
a. venture
b. enterprise
c. business
d. industry
What shortcoming in the UCR is addressed by the National Crime Victimization
survey?
a. the “Sampling Rule”
b. the non-clearance issue
c. the “Hierarchy Rule”
d. the nonreporting issue
Mr. Smith is very concerned for his troubled students. He was to build a positive,
life-sustaining relationship with his students. This attempt at building a positive
relationship is an example of:
a. cumulative disadvantage
b. turning points
c. state dependence
d. social capital
Walter Miller identified the unique conduct norms that define the lower-class culture
and that often clash with conventional values. Which of the following is not one of
those norms?
a. Fate
b. Toughness
c. Autonomy
d. Education
The “truly disheartened” is the term used by William Julius Wilson to describe socially
isolated people who dwell in urban inner-cities, who occupy the bottom rung of the
social ladder, and who are the victims of discrimination.
a. True
b. False
A way for young males to avoid victimization is to limit their male friends and have
more female friends.
a. True
b. False
What is the difference between a computer worm and a Trojan horse?
a. Computer worms self-replicate, Trojan horses do not.
b. Trojan horses self-replicate, computer worms do not.
c. Trojan horses deface websites, computer worms do not.
d. Computer worms deface websites, Trojan horses do not.
The long-term stress associated with crime victimization resulting in depression,
anxiety, flashbacks, and recurring nightmares is called
a. post-traumatic stress disorder.
b. disassociation disorder.
c. psychosis anxiety.
d. victimization anxiety.
File sharing is another form of computer fraud.
a. True
b. False
The social ferment of the gave birth to critical criminology.
a. 1930s
b. 1940s
c. 1950s
d. 1960s
Gathering valid crime data, devising new research methods, and measuring crime
patterns and trends fall under the ______subarea of the criminological enterprise.
a. victimology
b. penology/sentencing/corrections
c. theory construction
d. criminal statistics/crime measurement
What is the term used to describe a jury that is unable to agree on a decision?
a. broken
b. hung
c. mixed
d. tied