The general theory of crime is criticized for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
a. Impulsivity is only one personality trait correlated with crime.
b. Does not explain racial and gender differences in crime.
c. Assumes that criminal propensity does not change.
d. Overly focusing on white-collar crime.
Wolfgang and associates’ second cohort study found that 6 percent of female
delinquents were chronic offenders.
a. True
b. False
The academic discipline of criminology uses scientific methods to study the of criminal
behavior.
a. nature, extent, cause, and control
b. history, economics, and control
c. prevalence, placement, and reduction
d. economics, politics, and policies
According to this type of critical theory, the poor may or may not commit more crimes
than the rich, but the poor are certainly arrested and punished more often.
a. left realism
b. critical feminism
c. instrumental
d. structural
______, the most abundant androgen, has been linked to criminality.
a. Testosterone
b. Estrogen
c. Serotonin
d. Monoamine
Which factor has NOT contributed to the alleged erosion of Mafia power in the United
States?
a. the skilled younger generation of mob leaders
b. the aging of reigning mob leaders
c. government enforcement policies
d. changing values in US society
Given the description provided in the preface, Ames would have been charged with
which crime?
a. Espionage
b. Treason
c. Terrorism
d. Money laundering
Social learning theory holds that
a. people are born with aggressive tendencies.
b. people hold aggressive mental scripts in their subconscious.
c. people learn to be aggressive through their life experiences.
d. people have chemical needs that require violence for stimulation.
The age structure of the population has a significant influence on crime trends.
a. True
b. False
Organized crime has become multi-ethnic and now includes Asian, Latin, and European
groups.
a. True
b. False
Hamas and Hezbollah are examples of_____terrorist groups ” terrorists that promote
the interests of a minority,ethnic, or religious group that believes it has been persecuted
under majority rule and wishes to carve out its own independent homeland.
a. political
b. cause-based
c. nationalist
d. revolutionary
While power in traditional bullying is the result of physical (stature) or social
(competency or popularity) factors, power in cyber bullying stems from
a. net proficiency
b. physical distance
c. manipulation
d. fear
Critical criminologist who focus on state (organized) crime contend that a government
might go to war to support the capitalist classes who need the wealth and resources of
other nations.
a. True
b. False
Groups which seek to impose their social and religious code on others are categorized
as terrorists.
a. redistributive
b. revolutionary
c. nationalist
d. political
This term began to be used during the Iraq war and described the forces opposed to
American involvement.
Members are typically organized into covert groups who engage in organized
campaigns of extreme violence.
a. terrorists
b. revolutionaries
c. insurgents
d. guerillas
Using data from a longitudinal study of Pittsburgh youth, Loeber identified distinct
pathways to crime. Which pathway begins at an early age with stubborn behavior?
a. the authority conflict pathway
b. the covert pathway
c. the overt pathway
d. the late bloomer pathway
In 2011 a Georgia woman named Catherine Griffin was indicted by a federal grand jury
on charges of computer fraud by accessing information on government computers for
private financial gain. It seems that Catherine was paid to fraudulently obtain the
Federal governments “FirstTime Home Buyer Tax Credits” for friends and relatives
who were not eligible to receive the credits and had not purchased homes during the
eligible time period. How did she do it? Simple, she was hired as a seasonal employee
by the IRS which gave her access to the IRS computer system. In exchange for $2000,
she used her access to alter her co-conspirators taxpayer information, making them
eligible for the government grants. The computer fraud charges each carry a maximum
sentence of 5 years in prison and a fine of up to $250,000.
Catherine Griffin’s actions were not only criminal but also fell under the category of
cybercrime because
a. she used a computer to access and alter data
b. she worked at a computer station
c. the job required computer skills
d. she used the Internet
What neurotransmitter is known to limit offensive behavior?
a. dopamine
b. histamine
c. octopamine
d. serotonin
Christopher’s mother forbids him from allowing friends come over to his house because
she does not trust them. She believes that since they are teenagers they will want to use
drugs, drink, and possibly even steal from her home. Christopher’s mother is classifying
teenagers as
a. capable guardians
b. motivated offenders
c. suitable targets
d. suitable offenders
A number of research studies have been focused on armed robbers. What do these
studies indicate?
a. Unlike other violent crimes, the robbery rate has held stable over the past decade.
b. Robbers are rational decision makers who look for easy prey.
c. Southwestern states have the highest robbery rates.
d. Like other violent, personal crimes, robberies seem to peak during summer months.
If more criminals are sent to prison, the crime rate should go down. This is referred to
as
a. the incarceration effect
b. the prison effect
c. the incapacitation effect
d. the recidivism effect
Research indicates that people who are labeled with one positive trait are assumed to
have other positive traits.
a. True
b. False
First-degree murder occurs when a person kills another after____ and deliberation.
a. premeditation
b. anger
c. contemplation
d. malice
Specific deterrence suggests that criminal sanctions should be so powerful that known
criminals will never repeat their criminal acts. Which statement about harsh (powerful)
sanctions and deterrence is not true?
a. Harsh sanctions work as an effective deterrence to recidivism.
b. Harsh sanctions may result in defiance rather than deterrence.
c. Experiencing harsh sanctions may cause severe psychological problems.
d. The stigma of harsh sanctions labels and locks people into criminal careers.
How does today’s violent crime rate compare to the violent crime rate in 1991?
a. Today’s violent crime rate has increased by nearly 20 percent.
b. Today’s violent crime rate has increased by nearly 40 percent.
c. Today’s violent crime rate has decreased by nearly 20 percent.
d. Today’s violent crime rate as decreased by nearly 40 percent.
General strain theory is not purely a structural theory because it focuses on how
influence behavior.
a. biological conditions
b. rational choices
c. life events
d. psychological conditions
According to critical feminist theory, women are considered a commodity worth
possessing, like land or money.
a. True
b. False
Treason is the practice of obtaining information about a government, organization, or
society that is considered secret or confidential without the permission of the holder of
the information.
a. True
b. False
Ames would potentially have been charged with all of the following crimes except
a. industrial espionage
b. spying
c. espionage
d. treason
Annie is a single mother raising her son Harry on her own. Harry’s father left when
Annie was pregnant. In fact, Annie knows very little about Harry’s father because she
only knew him for a few months prior to her getting pregnant.
Annie has been working a lot. She averages about 50 hours per week at work. This
means she is not home when Harry gets home from school. He is often home alone for
several hours after school where Annie is not able tomonitor his behavior. Annie is
concerned that Harry will not develop_____exercise restraint and control over his
feelings if she is not around to guide him.
a. self-control
b. self-esteem
c. self-image
d. self-sufficiency
Annie is regretful that she was working a lot while Harry was a child because now as an
adult Harry is committing violent acts. At the age of twenty, Harry was arrested and
charged with a violent armed-robbery. According to Loeber, which pathway did Harry
most likely take to get to his violent criminal career.
a. authority avoidance
b. authority conflict
c. covert
d. overt
According to Wilson and Herrnstein’s crime and human nature concept, how and why
does crime happen?
Answer:Answers will vary.
Explain the links between evolution, gender, and crime.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Discuss the key points of labeling theory and the consequences of labeling. Include in
your discussion the concepts of primary and secondary deviance.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Some sexual practices cause social harm and are outlawed and subject to state control.
Identify and discuss these outlawed forms of deviant sexuality.
Answer:Answer not provided.
What is the difference between rational-choice greed and rational choice need?
Answer:Answer not provided.
The effort in the early 1900s to remove alcohol from the public and private sphere and
culminated in Prohibition was called the ______.
The concept of ______suggests that people change and develop as they mature.
Explain what it means to say that criminology is an interdisciplinary science. Identify
and provide examples of the included academic disciplines and how these disciplines
are reflected in criminology.
Answer:Answers will vary.
The next war may be in ______.
A person who creates a unique moral rule is referred to as a______ .
______is a term used to signify illegal acts that undermine an existing government and
threaten its survival.
Discuss how collective efficacy and community cohesion are associated. Include in
your discussion the three types of collective efficacy and how collective efficacy is
associated with levels of crime in a neighborhood.
Answer:Answers will vary.
_____is the life instinct, which drives people toward self-fulfillment and enjoyment.
The written code that defines crimes and their punishments is_____ .
Discuss the differences between business frauds, swindles, and exploitation.
Answer:Answer not provided.
A group of individuals with common features and particular characteristics are referred
to as a_____ .
A number of different drug control strategies have been tried with varying degrees of
success. Discuss these various strategies and their effectiveness.
Answer:Answer not provided.
According to the____perspective, environmental crimes are violations of existing
criminal laws designed to protect people, the environment or both.