Latent trait theorists believe human development is controlled by a master trait present
at birth or soon after that results in
a. low intellectual development.
b. verbal and physical aggression.
c. an increased propensity to commit crime.
d. a reduced ability to interpret social interactions.
Which of the following is a reason why some critics say it is premature to embrace
three strikes policies?
a. Most three-time losers are on the verge of aging out of crime anyway.
b. Few career criminals engage in violent crime.
c. Most crime is committed by juveniles who are not eligible for three-strikes
punishment.
d. Crime rates have dropped dramatically in the last decade.
According to the author, which of the following is accurate regarding why troubled kids
choose delinquent peers?
a. Troubled kids do so because they are not involved in after-school activities.
b. Troubled kids do so because they fail to understand truancy and delinquency laws.
c. Troubled kids do so out of necessity rather than desire.
d. Troubled kids are biologically drawn or attracted to “troublemakers.”
Once phishers have a victim’s personal information they can do three things. Which of
the following is not one of them?
a. They can gain access to preexisting accounts, banking, credit cards, and buy things
using those accounts.
b. Phishers can use the information to open brand new banking accounts and credit
cards without the victim’s knowledge.
c. Phishers can implant viruses into their software that forwards the phishing e-mail to
other recipients.
d. They can implant malware that may destroy the computers data and drives.
Walter and Janet have three children. Janet has been a stay at home mother raising the
children. Walter has always worked full time and is always traveling for business. Their
youngest child will start school soon. Now all three children will be in school all day.
Walter and Janet are discussing if Janet should take the full time job she has been
offered.
Janet is out of the home by 7:00am and she does not return until 6:00pm. She has
neither the time or the energy to be supportive of her children and will not be able to
effectively control them. Ultimately this will lead to a decrease in
a. culture conflict
b. neutralization techniques
c. parental efficacy
d. reflected appraisal
Dickinson does not fit the usual typography of a “first-time” prostitute because of her
a. need for money
b. divorced status
c. age
d. personal likability
Criminals sometimes neutralize wrongdoings by maintaining that the crime victim “had
it coming.” This is an example
of which technique of neutralization?
a. denial of injury
b. denial of the victim
c. appeal to higher loyalties
d. denial of responsibility
Sexual abuse of girls may later lead some of those girls into prostitution.
a. True
b. False
Socio-biologists view all EXCEPT which one of the following factors as being
mutually interdependent?
a. biology
b. environment
c. learning
d. ecology
_____are otherwise respectable persons who do not conceive of themselves as thieves
but systematically steal merchandise for their own use.
a. Heels
b. Occasional criminals
c. Boosters
d. Snitches
The boyhood friend of a convicted murderer is interviewed by the media and reports
that the offender was withdrawn, suspicious, and negativistic as a youth. This is an
example of
a. introspective reading.
b. retrospective reading.
c. enhanced reading.
d. reflective reading.
Approximately how many people are arrested each year for serious felony offenses?
a. 2 million
b. 12 million
c. 24 million
d. 40 million
Eliminating business competition by burning out rivals is a form of
a. psychological arson
b. arson for profit
c. juvenile fire setting.
d. industrial arson
Cohen’s theory of delinquent subcultures focuses on social conditions that prevent
lower-class youths from achieving success legitimately. Cohen labels this form of
culture conflict
a. success frustration
b. status frustration
c. social frustration
d. lower-class delinquent frustration
Oscar Lewis argues that the crushing lifestyle of lower-class areas produces______ that
is passed on from onegeneration to the next.
a. a culture of poverty
b. physical deterioration
c. social deterioration
d. family disorganization
What two elements of culture interact to produce anomie and/or anomic conditions?
a. informal social control and public social control
b. middle-class measuring rods and educational underachievement
c. culturally defined goals and socially approved means for obtaining them
d. community cohesiveness and collective efficacy
Differential association theory holds that people learn criminal attitudes and behavior
during their adolescence from close, trusted friends or relatives.
a. True
b. False
Referring to the ecology of crime, which of the following settings has the highest
violent crime rate?
a. an urban area in the northeast
b. a rural area in northeast
c. an urban area in the south
d. a rural area in the south
Which of the following is not a type of espionage?
a. selling state secrets to a foreign government for money
b. steal trade secrets and illegally acquiring technology
c. secretly photographing forbidden areas
d. spying on potential or actual enemies by a foreign agent
Criminology is an academic discipline that uses scientific methods to study the nature,
extent, cause, and control of criminal behavior.
a. True
b. False
Mexican and Latin American groups are quite active in the sex trade.
a. True
b. False
According to the alienation view of terrorist motivation, terrorists are relatively
“ordinary” people who believe that a suicide mission will
a. fulfill their call to Jihad.
b. publicly exhibit their hatred of infidels.
c. guarantee their afterlife.
d. cleanse them of the corruption of the modern world.
When examining the relationship between delinquent peers and fear of
punishment,______ delinquent peers may outweigh the fear of punishment.
a. loyalty to
b. fear of
c. hostility from
d. skills learned from
Tommy was arrested one evening for breaking into his neighbor’s home attempting to
steal their computer.
He is transported to the police department for questioning. When the detective asks
Tommy why he broke into his neighbor’s home Tommy replies, “everyone else has a
computer and I wanted one, too.” According to Merton’s modes of social adaptation,
which applies to Tommy’s actions?
a. Conformity
b. Innovation
c. Ritualism
d. Retreatism
The Uniform Crime Report indicates that two-thirds of all murders and about two-fifths
of all robberies are committed using
a. blunt objects
b. firearms
c. fists
d. knives
When a computer hacker intrudes on another person’s website by inserting or
substituting codes that expose
visitors to the site to misleading or provocative information is called
a. a denial-of-service attack
b. cyberwarfare
c. Internet sabotage
d. website defacement
Critical criminologists contend that society’s economic system plays a significant role in
producing criminal behavior.
a. True
b. False
Place the decision points of the criminal justice system in order of their occurrence.
a. complaint, arrest, arraignment, investigation
b. plea bargaining, grand jury, correctional treatment, appeal
c. custody, arraignment, adjudication, disposition
d. disposition, investigation, correctional treatment, plea bargaining
Josh will be starting the local high school next year, but have heard that Josh’s proposed
high school is considered a
“dropout factory” because it has a completion rate of percent or less.
a. 20
b. 40
c. 60
d. 80
Surveys reveal that percent of the general public have been victimized by crime at least
once in their lives.
a. 25
b. 55
c. 75
d. 95
Victimization risk is influenced by marital status. Which of the following groups has the
lowest rate of victimization?
a. widowers and divorced people
b. widows and widowers
c. widows and single people
d. divorced and single people
Laub and Sampson’s research indicates that building_____and strong social bonds
reduces the likelihood of long-term deviance.
a. knowledge
b. social capital
c. marketable skills
d. financial capital
The consensus view of crime suggests that the definition of crime reflects the
preferences and opinions of people who hold social power in a particular legal
jurisdiction.
a. True
b. False
A number of causal factors contribute to violent crime. Identify and discuss those causal
factors.
Answer:Answer not provided.
Discuss and provide examples of employee fraud, management fraud, and client fraud.
Answer:Answer not provided.
The form of terrorism that promotes the interests of a minority ethnic or religious group
and wishes to carve out its own independent homeland is called_____ .
The___exception is a formerly accepted tradition that a legally married husband could
not be charged with raping his wife.
There are many different views on the cause of drug use. Explain the subcultural and
psychological views of substance abuse causation.
Answer:Answer not provided.
_____is the creation and maintenance of transnational markets.
A_____is a chemical substance that transmits nerve impulses from one neuron to
another and can play a role in behavior.
Using anti-smut or anti-gay marriage campaigns as your example, explain how moral
crusaders seek to shape the law.
Answer:Answer not provided.
Primary elements of the social ecology school include community disorder, community
fear and siege mentality.
Explain how these elements are associated.
Answer:Answers will vary.
_____use electronic communications to send unsolicited messages in bulk
Explain why cyber terrorists use cyberspace and discuss for what purposes.
Answer:Answer not provided.
A hidden trait that guides human behavior is a _____trait.
Discuss the factors that differentiate petit or petty larceny from grand larceny.
Answer:Answer not provided.
_____is the process of human development and enculturation.
Police-initiated action directed at a suspect or group of suspects based solely on race
is______ .
Discuss how political crime is used to signify illegal acts that are designed to
undermine an existing government and threaten its survival.
Answer:Answer not provided
Using examples of both types of cyber crimes, discuss and compare the motivations of
criminals engaged in acts of cyber theft and cyber vandalism.
Answer:Answer not provided.
The excess profits that are produced by the laboring classes and accrued by business
owners are referred to as______________.