Identify and explain the three ethical issues that impact criminological research.
Answer:Answers will vary
Explain the concept of “early onset” and discuss the factors that cause chronicity.
Answer:Answers will vary.
State Victims’ Bills of Rights generally include allowing the victim to be consulted in
determining an appropriate sentence.
a. True
b. False
Describe the household that is most likely and least likely to be victimized.
Answer:Answers will vary
Incapacitation theory suggests that placing offenders behind bars during their prime
crime years should reduce their lifetime opportunity to commit crime. Not all
criminologists buy into this incapacitation effect. Discuss why this is so.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Identify and discuss the mental disorders and diseases that are associated with crime.
How persuasive is the association between mental disorders and why?
Answer:Answers will vary.
Which theory views that lower class youths have limited opportunities and thus join
gaings as an alternate means to achieve universal success goals?
a. anomie
b. differential opportunity
c. focal concern
d. relative deprivation
Tommy lives with his grandmother in poverty. Tommy is potentially having a difficult
time in school because he is being judged by , which are the standards by which his
teachers are evaluating his performance in school.
a. cultural transmission
b. focal concerns
c. middle class measuring rods
d. status frustration
Scott went to a community college and met Heather, and they now have two children.
Heather is trying toconvince Scott of the need to move to her hometown and live with
her parents. People in her hometown have a better life including better education, health
care, and housing opportunities, and Heather wants the the children to have these
advantages as well. This outlook is referred to as .
a. Concentration effect
b. Collective efficacy
c. Focal concerns
d. Relative deprivation
Walter Miller identified the unique conduct norms (focal concerns) that help define
lower-class culture. Identify and use Miller’s focal concerns to explain how cultural
deviance theory combines the effects of social disorganization and strain theories.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Discuss how social process theories have influenced public policy. Provide examples of
policies and programs based on social process theories.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Some Native American communities use a peacemaking ceremony called ____whereby
groups of tribal elders, victims and community members meet with offenders in order to
determine the best resolution for those accused of breaking the law.
a. a sentencing circle
b. a tribal circle
c. a community circle
d. a resolution circle
Define and describe the concept of restorative justice and why it is considered an aspect
of peacemaking criminology.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Kids who get into minor scrapes as youth but whose misbehavior ends when they enter
adulthood are known as__________________________.
Violent acts directed toward a particular person based on their ethnic, racial, or other
demographic background is called a crime.
Compare confronting terrorism with law enforcement and confronting terrorism with
the law.
Answer:Answer not provided
Under English common law,_____ was defined as the taking of another person’s
property without their permission or consent.
Having five or more drinks on a single occasion is the definition of .
The are an underground criminal societies based in Hong Kong who control
secret markets and bus routes and are often involved in money laundering and drug
trafficking.
Girls growing up in______are socialized to fear legal sanctions more than males;
consequently, boys in these families exhibit more delinquent behavior than their sisters.
a. paternalistic families
b. matriarchal families
c. egalitarian families
d. capitalist families
A terrorist group is any group practicing, or that has significant subgroups that practice,
international terrorism
a. True
b. False
“Awareness space” indicates that which crime is rational?
a. robbery
b. prostitution
c. theft
d. drug dealing
Violence supported by drug users to support their habit is an example of a systemic
link.
a. True
b. False
Referencing the social ecology of victimization, in general, where is a violent crime
more likely to take place?
a. in a post office
b. in a school
c. in a private home
d. in a park
Criminologists may face an ethical issue when
a. studying only poor, minority subjects while ignoring white-collar criminals
b. using a mail survey instead of face-to-face interviews
c. publishing findings in a public journal
d. studying a juvenile rehabilitation program that does not include counseling
What is the key difference between instrumental theorists and structural theorists?
a. Structural theorists view the criminal justice system as a capitalist instrument for
controlling the lower class.
b. Structural theorists believe the law is unidirectional, always working for the rich
against the poor.
c. Structural theorists oppose antitrust legislation.
d. Structural theorists focus on anyone who threatens the capitalist system.
Which of the following was not a factor in Dupre’ becoming a prostitute?
a. unemployed
b. low education level
c. substance abuse
d. homeless
Terrorist cells are armed military bands that attack military, police, and government
officials in an effort to destabilize the existing government.
a. True
b. False
Given the description in the preface, Catherine Griffin would have been charged with
a. computer fraud
b. etailing
c. website defacement
d. identity theft
The actions of Titan Rain are a classic example of
a. cyberespionage
b. transnational organized crime
c. a denial-of-service attack
d. effective cybercrime enforcement
Schools are the locale of a great deal of victimization because they are populated by a
dangerous segment of society, teenage males.
a. True
b. False
Mr. Smith is concerned that one of his female students, Jenny, suffers from problem
behavior syndrome (PBS).
Which of the following behaviors would not be a symptom of problem behavior
syndrome?
a. ADHD
b. early pregnancy
c. educational overachievement
d. smoking
If Jack typically rejects legal definitions of crime. What would he believe causes the
least social harm?
a. burglary
b. classism
c. racism
d. sexism
A method of crime prevention that seeks to eliminate or reduce particular crimes in
specific settings is referred to as
a. situational crime prevention
b. guardable space
c. defensible space
d. positional crime prevention
Racial and ethnic differentials in crime rates are tied to economic and social disparity.
a. True
b. False
The juvenile delinquency research of Eleanor and Sheldon Glueck (in the 1940s and
50s) profoundly influenced criminology and formed the basis for today’s trait theory.
a. True
b. False
If the punishment for a crime is increased and the effectiveness and efficiency of the
criminal justice system are improved, then the number of people engaging in that crime
should decline.
a. True
b. False
One view of terrorist motivation is that terrorists are emotionally disturbed individuals
who act out their psychosis within the confines of violent groups. What did mental
health expert Randy Borum conclude about this view?
a. Terrorists are mentally disturbed people easily lured into violence.
b. Mental illness is not a critical factor in explaining terrorist behavior.
c. Histories of childhood abuse and trauma help to explain terrorism.
d. There is a “terrorist personality” marked by psychological abnormalities.
Death squads are typically associated with which type of terrorism?
a. political
b. redistributive
c. state-sponsored
d. nationalist
Jack’s father was recently fired from his factory job after 20 years of employment. The
company claimed they were downsizing. As a result of his father’s termination, Jack
feels that his father has been pushed outside the economic mainstream. This push is
referred to as:
a. globalization
b. instrumentation
c. marginalization
d. innovation
Evolutionary theorists believe that human traits that produce violence and aggression
have been advanced by the long process of human evolutions.
a. True
b. False
Since the youngest of the three women was 14 years old at the time of her abduction,
Castro would not be considered a
a. pimp
b. pedophile
c. sexual predator
d. sadomasochist
According to the theory of differential association, people learn to commit crime from
exposure to antisocial definitions.
a. True
b. False
In total, Trevor has spent over twenty years of his life incarcerated, between juvenile
and adult institutions.
His family cannot understand why he continues to commit crime. They are concerned
that he will not be able to remain lawabiding. What does the research say about the
effect of incarceration and an offender’s likeliness to repeat criminal behavior?
a. Most offenders are rearrested within one year of their release from prison.
b. Most offenders are rearrested within three years of their release from prison.
c. Most offenders are rearrested within ten years of their release from prison.
d. Most offenders are never rearrested once released from prison.
Which of the following circumstances would prompt an offender to decide to forgo
crime?
a. The offender would receive respect from peers.
b. The offender would stand a good chance of being caught and punished.
c. The crime would be easy to commit.
d. The crime would be thrilling to commit.
The “Twinkie defense” brought national attention to the view that biochemical
conditions can influence antisocial behavior.
a. True
b. False
One example of arson fraud involves a business owner burning her or his property to
escape financial problems.
a. True
b. False
In their general theory of crime, Gottfredson and Hirschi consider the criminal offender
and the criminal act as_______concepts.
a. separate
b. balanced
c. competing
d. opposite
If Breivik had received psychological counseling at an early age and later led a
productive life as an adult, then which Freudian concept would be most supported by
this scenario?
a. exposure to violence
b. thanatos
c. Ineffective families
d. eros
Referencing the social ecology of victimization, when and where is a crime most likely
to happen?
Answer:Answers will vary.
Small, clandestine cells which use systematic violence for the purpose of intimidation
are called_____ .
Identify and describe the various pathways to crime as categorized by Rolf Loeber and
his associates.
Answer:Answers will vary.
_____organized crime is a form of organized crime operating across national borders.
Discuss the difference between deviant and criminal behavior.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Compare and contrast critical criminology and social structure theory?
Answer:Answers will vary.
Time spent in confinement in a jail or prison as a consequence of a judicial sentence is
referred to as______________.
Every state has a Victim’s Bill of Rights. What are the general rights legally accorded to
victims of crime?
Answer:Answers will vary.
Identify and describe the various forms of cyber vandalism.
Answer:Answer not provided.
______involves the time, energy, and effort expended in conventional actions such as
getting an education
Compare and contrast the Uniform Crime Report and the National Crime Victimization
Survey. What are the differences in the way data are collected for these primary crime
data sources?
Answer:Answers will vary.
Gottfredson and Hirschi link the propensity to commit crime to two latent traits – an
impulsive personality and a lack of self-control. Explain how these traits result in crime.
Answer:Answers will vary.
____is the movement in and out of delinquency, shifting between conventional and
deviant values.
Explain the development of critical criminology in light of evolving social conflict in
society.
Answer:Answers will vary.
The repetition of criminal behavior is _____.
According to routine activities theory, costly jewelry, expensive cars, and easily
transportable goods are considered______.
A lack of norms or clear social standards is referred to as ______.
The National Crime Victimization Survey is conducted by the Justice Department and
the______ .
Robert Agnew suggests that criminality is the direct result of negative affective states.
Identify Agnew’s negative affective states and explain how they lead to criminality.
Answer:Answers will vary.