Which concept assumes that the propensity of an individual to participate in criminal
behavior is relatively stable and unchanging over one’s life course?
a. authority conflict
b. early onset
c. population heterogeneity
d. state dependence
The definition of the term ‘political crime” is
a. illegal acts that undermine an existing government and threaten its survival
b. the development of state-terrorism terrorism
c. the use of political power for illegal purposes
d. the government’s careless waste of tax revenue
Poachers typically lived in the country and supplemented their diet and income with
game that belonged to a landlord.
a. True
b. False
According to the effect, while in prison for ten years, Trevor was prevented from
committing further offenses.
a. general deterrence
b. specific deterrence
c. incapacitation
d. rehabilitation
Which category of prostitute is considered the least attractive, lowest paid, and most
vulnerable, regardless of whether the prostitute is male or female?
a. brothel prostitutes
b. streetwalkers
c. escorts
d. circuit travelers
____and the use of government troops to destroy political opposition parties are often
associated with Latin American political terrorism.
a. Organized crime
b. Death squads
c. Police
d. Guerillas
The most famous set of written laws of the ancient world was a code based on
punishment via physical retaliation, “an eye for an eye,” but the severity of punishment
was dependent on one’s class standing. This code was known as
a. the Code of Hammurabi.
b. the Mosaic Code.
c. the Judeo-Christian Code
d. the Code of the Israelites
One type of interpersonal violence is child abuse. Which age group suffers the highest
rate of child abuse victimization?
a. children in the age group of birth to one year old
b. children in the age group of two to four years old
c. children in the age group of six to eight years old
d. children in the age group of ten to twelve years old
Not all crimes are deviant and not all deviant acts are criminal.
a. True
b. False
Some victims, especially the elderly, the poor, and minority group members, develop a
persistent and paralyzing fear that they will again become victimized.
a. True
b. False
What is the study of brain activity?
a. psychology
b. neurophysiological
c. pathology
d. evolutionary criminology
The movement to ban gay marriage in California that led to the passage of Proposition
8 is an example of a/an
a. moral crusade.
b. religious policy.
c. ethical mandate.
d. social campaign.
Critical criminologists believe that economic growth benefits all elements of the
population by spurring job creation and surplus value.
a. True
b. False
Regardless of circumstance, it would be a crime to ignore a drowning child.
a. True
b. False
Trevor spent his ten year sentence in a maximum security prison. There he witnessed
assaults and even murders. Often times, he was in fear for his life. Reflecting back on
the past ten years and what he was exposed to, Trevor is determined never to commit
another crime to end up in prison again. What crime control policy is in effect here?
a. general deterrence
b. specific deterrence
c. incapacitation
d. rehabilitation
Life-course persisters may be considered “typical teenagers” who get into minor
scrapes, first in adolescence and, later, in adulthood.
a. True
b. False
____reflects the view that multiple sources of strain interact with an individual’s
emotional traits and responses to criminality.
a. General strain theory
b. Relative deprivation theory
c. Focal concern theory
d. Anomie theory
Political terrorism occurs when a repressive governmental regime forces its citizens into
obedience, oppresses minorities, and stifles political dissent.
a. True
b. False
The definition of eco-terrorism is
a. terrorism directed at people or groups who oppose the terrorists’ political ideology or
whom the terrorists define as “outsiders” who must be destroyed.
b. the use violence to frighten those in power and their supporters in order to replace the
existing government with a regime that holds acceptable political or religious views.
c. when a repressive government regime forces its citizens into obedience, oppresses
minorities, and stifles political dissent.
d. violent actions to protect the environment.
______refers to a victim’s physical weakness or psychological stress that renders them
incapable of resisting or deterring crime.
a. Target vulnerability
b. Group vulnerability
c. Target weakness
d. Vulnerable target
According to the social ecology of victimization, what time of the day were Beth’s
attacks more likely to take place?
a. 8 am to 10 am
b. 12 pm to 2 pm
c. 3 pm to 6 pm
d. 10 pm to 12 pm
Cyber defense can be seen as an effort by covert forces to disrupt the intersection where
the virtual electronic reality of computers meets the physical world.
a. True
b. False
Assault requires no actual touching, but involves either attempted battery or
intentionally frightening the victim by word or deed.
a. True
b. False
Rational choice theory has roots in the_____school of criminology developed by the
Italian social thinker,Cesare Beccaria.
a. ecological
b. interactionist
c. classical
d. positivist
People who seek to control or criminalize deviant behaviors in accordance with their
own way of thinking are called
a. moralists.
b. moral entrepreneurs.
c. power seekers.
d. social activists.
Minority and white group members are equally likely to be poor.
a. True
b. False
The community is concerned that the police department is not deploying their
manpower effectively. According to the research, during what months should police
staffing be maximized?
a. January and February
b. March and April
c. July and August
d. November and December
Christopher is a 17 year old high school senior who is constantly getting into arguments
with his mother. She believes he should have a 9pm curfew and that he should not hang
out with certain people in certain neighborhoods. She is fearful he will become a victim
of crime. Christopher believes he is a strong man who should not have a curfew and can
protect himself.
According to the lifestyles theory, Christopher should associate with in order to lower
his chances of victimization.
a. athletes
b. boys
c. girls
d. college students
One important contemporary change in organized crime is
a. the degree of violence being used.
b. the new ‘softer” approach of the current organized crime syndicates.
c. the use of the Internet to support criminal activities.
d. the declining involvement in drug trafficking.
Life course theorists seek to understand why people enter a criminal way of life and,
once they do, this alters the trajectory of their criminal involvement.
a. True
b. False
Financial aid awarded to crime victims is referred to as_____ .
The unlawful taking, carrying, leading, or riding away of property from the possession
of another is known as__________.
Patterns in the crime rate seem to be linked to temporal and ecological factors. Identify
and discuss these factors.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Victim ______theory suggests that crime victims may trigger attacks by acting
provocatively.
Define and discuss Sampson and Laub’s turning points in a criminal career. Include the
concept of social capital in your response.
Answer:Answers will vary.
_____are materials that violate community standards of morality or decency and has no
redeeming social value.
Discuss the defining elements of positivist criminology. How do these elements contrast
with the basic elements of classical criminology?
Answer:Answers will vary.
Travis Hirschi links the onset of criminality to the weakening of the ties that bind
people to society. Identify and discuss the elements of the social bond and how they
impede crime.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Identify and discuss the principles of life course theories.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Social disorganization theorists, Shaw and McKay focus on transitional neighborhoods
as “concentric zones” of crime. Discuss this theory and how they applied their theory to
the city of Chicago.
Answer:Answers will vary.
_____fire setters shows that their acts are often associated with antisocial behavior and
psychopathology.
Some people turn to crime to fulfill an overwhelming_____ or psychological need.
Discuss the association between delinquent peers and crime in general and within the
context of social control theory.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Discuss the impact of the USA Patriot Act, including the Director of National
Intelligence (DNI) and the agencies reporting to the DNI.
Answer:Answer not provided.
Discuss how identity theft occurs and the mechanisms used to steal one’s identity.
Answer:Answer not provided.
A ____is an act deemed socially harmful or dangerous and is prohibited under the
criminal law.
Hate or bias crimes are an emerging form of interpersonal violence. Discuss the
categories of hate crime that exist providing examples of each.
Answer:Answer not provided.
Disposing of hazardous wastes in illegal dump sites is called
______is the belief in the existence of a culturally normative ideal of male behavior.