Adult Development and Aging 7th Edition

John Bargh and colleagues' study of implicit stereotyping (1996) found that subliminally priming young people with the image of an elderly person caused them to a. answer questions more slowly in interviews. b. write more slowly on questionnaires. c. walk down the hall more slowly after the experiment. d. be more forgetful during the

Compared with younger adults, older adults' metabolism of medication a. takes more time. b. takes less time. c. takes the same amount of time. d. requires more medication to achieve the same levels in the blood stream. Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a Costa and colleagues reported that traits remained highly stable with correlations ranging from .68 to

Damaged and dying neurons that collect around a core of amyloid protein produce a. neurofibrillary tangles. b. granulovacuolar bodies. c. synaptic nodes. d. neuritic plaques. Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d The results of Bargh and colleagues and Hummert and colleagues reveal that a. causal attributions of older adults are more likely to be dispositional in nature. b. negative stereotypes

People tend to have the most friends and acquaintances during which time period? a. adolescence b. middle age c. young adulthood d. old age Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c Giving events personal meaning and continuity, and in effect creating an autobiography, is the definition of Whitbourne's concept of a a. life-span construct. b. life story. c. perspective hypothesis. d. scenario. Answer: b Answer:

Research indicates that there are age differences in the types of coping strategies used across the life span. For example, older adults are more likely to use________than younger adults. a. active coping strategies b. emotion-focused strategies c. personal mastery strategies d. community-focused strategies Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b Research shows that most people who know they have

Describe false memories. Why might older adults be more susceptible to false memories? Answer: False memories are based on items or events that did not occur. Sometimes we are told stories by friends and relatives that we could not possibly have experienced. Yet, if we hearthese stories enough, we may

Willis' model proposes that the primary outcomes of everyday competence are a. independent living and absence of chronic disease. b. emotional and cognitive well-being. c. low environmental press and high competence. d. psychological and physical well-being. Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d Denise is 51-years-old. However, learning how to ride her son's skateboard yesterday made her feel much

Population trends in the United States, specifically the continuing rise in the number of elderly people, are a. unique and specific to the United States. b. not unique because the population of elderly persons is increasing in most parts of the world. c. also seen in Africa but not elsewhere in the world. d.

Having an older adult demonstrate an ability on a specific task is an example of a a. direct observation. b. clinical interview. c. neuropsychological assessment. d. performance-based assessment. Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d Lower ego integrity, more physical problems, and more psychological problems are a. predictive of higher levels of death anxiety. b. predictive of higher levels of emotional

Which of the following statements is false? a. The death of a parent forces us to face our own mortality. b. Loss of a child through stillbirth can be highly traumatic. c. Societal pressure to grieve the death of a spouse is especially strong. d. Young adult widows have less intense grief immediately after

Changing how you study for algebra exams as compared with history exams would be an example of________ in Piaget's theory. a. organization b. operations c. accommodation d. assimilation Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c All of the following are associated with changes in sleep as we age except a. moving from a two-phase pattern to a multiphase pattern. b. difficulty in

The two groups of drugs for Alzheimer's disease that are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration are cholinesterase inhibitors and a. SSRIs. b. MAO inhibitors. c. lithium. d. memantine. Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d As time goes on and stresses increase, marital satisfaction goes down. For many couples, the reason for this drop is having children.

Which of the following is true regarding home modifications? a. Minor structural changes (installing handrails) are common strategies. b. Many people simply cannot afford home modifications, even though this option may be cheaper than placement in a residential facility. c. Home modifications typically reduce difficulty with ADLs. d. All of these. Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d In

Michael is trying to remember an address. He repeats it in his mind until he gets to his car and enters it into his navigation system. Michael is using his a. sensory memory. b. working memory. c. secondary memory. d. remote memory. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b By 2030, the ratio of workers to retirees will likely

Which of the following is not a major category of leisure activities? a. experiential b. developmental c. social-public d. psychological Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d Some forms of Alzheimer's disease are linked to genetics. However, whether one experiences Alzheimer's, and how the disease might progress, is thought to be influenced by one's environment. This example expresses which

Muslim women who remain single in Malaysia speak in terms of_______, the soul mate one finds through fate at a time appointment by God. a. cinta b. jodoh c. satu d. kami Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b Taken together, the body of research on personal control indicates it may serve as a_________for one's well- being in the

Sixty-eight-year-old twins Mary and Tina are trying to solve a crossword puzzle by working together. This is an example of a. metacognition. b. mnemonics. c. collaborative cognition. d. external strategy. Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c What is the relationship between nursing home staff satisfaction and resident satisfaction? a. There is no relationship between these variables. b. As staff satisfaction

Key factors in selecting care for one's children or parents include all of the following except a. quality of care. b. price. c. hours of care. d. close proximity. Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d Whitbourne and colleagues developed a measure to assess people's use of assimilation and accommodation in identity formation. This measure is called the a. Assimilation

Playing the role of mentor fulfills which aspect of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development? a. generativity b. ego integrity c. identity d. intimacy Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a According to the competence and environmental press model, slight increases in press tend to________, whereas slight decreases in press create the_____. a. improve performance; zone of maximal comfort b. b. decrease

If participants at the end of a longitudinal study tend to be those who were initially higher on some variable, then we have a case of a. negative selective survival. b. positive selective survival. c. elective selective survival. d. equally selective survival. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b If older adults are primed with negative aging stereotypes, and

The default network of the brain refers to the regions of the brain that are most_______when an individual is at rest and not involved in a cognitive task. a. intense b. inactive c. active d. observed Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c The________ratio provides insight as to the number of people who have to provide support for those

Erin is a middle-aged wife and mother of adolescent children. Her mother had a stroke and just moved into her home. Erin is feeling tension from her mother and her children, which is a common characteristic of a. partner caregivers. b. the sandwich generation. c. the babyboomer generation. d. women who are depressed. Answer:

Approximately 95% of marriages in India a. end in divorce. b. are arranged. c. are between people who met at school. d. are based on intimacy and commitment. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b In cross-cultural studies,__________is/are lowest in older adults who report little religious commitment. a. neuroticism b. chronic health conditions c. feelings of self-worth d. the number of hoped for

In a study by Chee (2011), which group received the lowest amount of elderspeak? a. the ambulatory group b. the wheelchair group c. the dementia group d. all groups received the same amount of elderspeak Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a Jackie is a postal worker who processes mail. Jackie perceives a lot of pressure on the job,

Studies have shown that older adults are more susceptible to false information. Neuroimaging techniques reveal this may be related to damage or age-related changes in a. short-term memory. b. negativity bias. c. the prefrontal cortex. d. the hippocampus. Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c What is the relationship between job satisfaction and increasing age? a. There is an overall

About one-third of cases of___________are preventable. a. depression b. delirium c. dementia d. bipolar disorder Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b The most common drug(s) used to treat depression are a. SSRIs. b. lithium. c. ECTs. d. MAO inhibitors. Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a One mistake that people frequently make with their bereaved loved ones is a. overestimating the amount of time needed to grieve. b. allowing

Jung believed personality development________, but Freud believed personality development ended_____________. a. ended at age 5; in old age b. continued across adulthood; in adolescence c. continued across adulthood; at age 65 d. was stage-based; when one reached formal operational thought Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b In a large cross-sectional study of source memory, adults between the

When you draw upon your prior experiences at restaurants to guide your behavior at a new restaurant, you are using your a. knowledge base. b. social context base. c. social knowledge. d. implicit memory Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c The HAROLD model indicates that older brains recruit additional neural units to increase attentional resources, processing speed, or a.

The most basic aspect of a healthy personality in Erikson's theory is a. introversion. b. autonomy. c. integrity. d. trust. Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d The World Health Organization defines health as a. physical well-being. b. social well-being. c. emotional well-being. d. all of the above. Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d Dixie believes that people are spying on her and that she talks to

Reduced sensitivity to high-pitched tones is known as a. presbyopia. b. presbycusis. c. retinopathy. d. vestibular atrophy. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b A key concept in Jung's theory of ego development is a. conflict. b. dialectic. c. balance. d. function. Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c According to most hospitals, lack of brain activity a. is the sole indicator of whole-brain death. b. only has to be

Research has shown that when older adults are asked to predict how well they will perform on a memory task, they are more accurate when a. the task is novel. b. they are told how other people have performed. c. they have direct experience with the task. d. they have no experience with the

In the theory of personal control developed by Heckhausen, Wrosch, and Schulz, changing one's goals is referred to as a. primary control. b. secondary control. c. possible selves. d. problem-focused coping mechanism. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b Lowering one's cholesterol is important in lowering one's risk for a. cardiovascular disease. b. lung cancer. c. anxiety disorders. d. dementia. Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a Modifying occupational

The amount of information that can be processed at any given time is called the a. cognitive reserve. b. vigilance. c. divided attention. d. attentional capacity. Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d It is estimated that every 40 seconds in the United States, someone has a. a myocardial infarction. b. congestive heart failure. c. a cerebrovascular accident or stroke. d. angina pectoris. Answer:

LaBouvie-Vief and colleagues found that the degree of differentiation in the self was related to one's level of cognitive development. This finding provides support for a. Piaget b. Costa & McCrae c. Kegan d. Whitbourne Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c The study of the relations between psychological, neurological, and immunological systems is known as a. autoimmunity. b. psychoneuroimmunology. c. autolymphomosis. d.

______levels of care in nursing homes are defined by U.S. federal regulations. a. Two b. Three c. Four d. There are no regulations in the United States regarding nursing home care. Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a To be diagnosed with clinical depression, the symptoms must be present for at least a. 2 days. b. 2 weeks. c. 2 months. d. There