Willis’ model proposes that the primary outcomes of everyday competence are
a. independent living and absence of chronic disease.
b. emotional and cognitive well-being.
c. low environmental press and high competence.
d. psychological and physical well-being.
Denise is 51-years-old. However, learning how to ride her son’s skateboard yesterday
made her feel much younger than her 51 years. The two types of age described here are
a. sociocultural and biological.
b. chronological and perceived.
c. perceived and biological.
d. chronological and biological.
Research methods that focus on age-related changes in the brain allow us to better
understand why certain cognitive functions, such as well-practiced tasks, vocabulary,
and wisdom, can be in old age.
a. lost
b. preserved
c. altered
d. distorted
When paired with mentors, women
a. showed slower career advancement.
b. received more positive performance evaluations.
c. benefited by having higher expectations.
d. changed careers more often.
When academically talented high school students were asked about their career
expectations and outcomes, it turned out that 10 and even 20 years later
a. they were surprising accurate.
b. they were overwhelmingly inaccurate.
c. they were even more successful than they had predicted.
d. the majority of them had changed jobs at least three times.
How much of one’s wages are provided by Social Security depends upon
a. what level of education one attained.
b. how much one made total across the entire employment career.
c. how much one made on average during one’s employment career.
d. at what age one retires.
A defect in metabolizing glucose is responsible for the disease known as
a. hypertension.
b. diabetes.
c. heart disease.
d. osteoarthritis.
The major reason for placement in a nursing home is
a. lack of other caregivers.
b. financial.
c. health.
d. personal choice.
The leading cause of broken bones in women is
a. osteoarthritis.
b. osteoporosis.
c. vitamin E deficiency.
d. inheriting a predisposition for fragile bones.
Estimates are that nearly 80% of nursing home residents have
a. clinical depression.
b. Alzheimer’s disease.
c. mobility problems.
d. incontinence.
A recent study (Street & Burge, 2012) found that assisted-living residents’ well-being
was related to whether the decision to live there was under their control and
a. the length of time they had lived in the facility.
b. whether the facility was located within walking distance of businesses and shopping.
c. the quality of relationships they developed with other facility residents.
d. the quality of extracurricular activities offered at the facility.
You have an hour break between classes, and you decide to go to the library and study.
Your awareness of the time while studying is an example of
a. metamemory.
b. memory monitoring.
c. online awareness.
d. memory awareness.
In Denney’s model, which of the following terms refers to the ability a normal healthy
adult would exhibit with
practice or training?
a. optimally exercised ability
b. pragmatic intelligence
c. unexercised ability
d. interindividual variability
When the pancreas does not produce enough insulin,________results.
a. hypertension
b. diabetes mellitus
c. heart disease
d. diabetic retinopathy
Research on wisdom shows that it is most associated with
a. creativity.
b. age.
c. fluid intelligence.
d. life experience.
Stereotypes about older adults are
a. positive.
b. negative.
c. both positive and negative.
d. irrelevant because people take other factors into consideration when forming
impressions of older persons.
Older adults report using_______most frequently as a coping mechanism in daily life.
a. family
b. friends
c. religious faith
d. knowledge gathering
Which of the following is not a criticism of theories based on life transitions?
a. sample selection
b. whether changes really happen
c. degree to which stages are universal
d. whether changes in extroversion occur
According to Erikson, the basis for personality growth is
a. achieving a balance of forces.
b. blending among traits.
c. resolving struggles between tendencies.
d. achieving formal operations.
High BMIs and very low BMIs are both related to
a. optimal health.
b. lower rates of CVAs.
c. increased mortality.
d. high cholesterol rates.
A main barrier to women making it to the top of their career is
a. role overload.
b. role conflict.
c. lack of interest.
d. sex discrimination.
In which type of facility do residents receive skilled nursing care, medical treatment,
rehabilitation, supervision, and activities?
a. nursing home
b. assisted-living facility
c. adult family home
d. hospice
Because resources in a society are never divided equally among groups, there is always
the potential for____________ between generations.
a. conflict
b. mistrust
c. disagreement
d. hostility
A major theme of psychosocial theories of depression is
a. loss.
b. self-esteem.
c. ego.
d. growth.
Which concept reflects an unwillingness of the divorced partner to let go, make new
friendships, and reorient themselves as single parents?
a. divorce rumination
b. divorce hangover
c. maladaptive coping
d. maladaptive adjustment
Having difficulty completing daily activities of living due to a chronic condition is
known as
a. a long-term illness.
b. medical pathology.
c. a disability.
d. psychoneuroimmunology.
Sophie, an 80-year-old woman with several chronic medical conditions, was placed in a
nursing home. At first, she was cheerful and active, but now she is withdrawn and
depressed. This nursing home is for people with severe cognitive deficits. How would
this situation be analyzed in the competence model of Lawton and Nahemow?
a. This behavior is due to high personal competence and low environmental press.
b. Although she feels competent, she is stressed because the nursing home is structured.
c. Her ability to cope has been reduced because she is no longer mentally competent.
d. Because her physical abilities are reduced, she can’t get involved in activities.
Efforts specifically aimed at improving the functional capacities of people with chronic
conditions are called
a. primary prevention.
b. secondary prevention.
c. tertiary prevention.
d. quaternary prevention.
Vallerand (2008) distinguishes between two types of passion: harmonious and
a. maladaptive.
b. obsessive.
c. detrimental.
d. pathological.
It is difficult to determine how many people have been sexually harassed because
a. there is no universal definition of sexual harassment.
b. men and women have different perceptions.
c. many victims do not report it.
d. all of the above.
Placing trust in God and praying are coping strategies associated with______.
Describe the five major characteristics of depression.
Describe why adult development and aging is best examined from a multidisciplinary
perspective.
What are some factors that a family should consider before choosing an assisted-living
facility?
An evaluation of one’s life that is associated with positive feelings is called____.
The act of deliberately ending a person’s life is called_________.
What are common or normative age-related changes in the skin?
Researchers now acknowledge that cognitive, social, and emotional change in older
adulthood is influenced by changes in the brain at both the________ and_______
levels.
When two or more people work together to solve a problem, they are said to be
engaging in
____________________.
The neurotransmitter______, which regulates arousal and alertness, may be responsible
for the feelings of fatigue associated with depression.
Describe gender discrimination, the glass ceiling, and the glass cliff.
The incidence rate of________disease decreases with age, while the incidence rate of
________ disease increases with age.
The theory suggests that the facilities focus on the individual.
There is neuroscience evidence that changes in the________ may be responsible for the
link between sleep disturbance and depression.
What happens when children leave home?
Who is most likely to be affected by burnout?
Why does subjective well-being tend to increase with age?
What are the three goals of substance abuse treatment?
Theories of intelligence are___________, meaning that they specify many domains of
intellectual abilities.