Approximately 95% of marriages in India
a. end in divorce.
b. are arranged.
c. are between people who met at school.
d. are based on intimacy and commitment.
In cross-cultural studies,__________is/are lowest in older adults who report little
religious commitment.
a. neuroticism
b. chronic health conditions
c. feelings of self-worth
d. the number of hoped for selves
________involves efforts to avoid the development of secondary chronic conditions
and manage the pain of primary chronic conditions.
a. Primary prevention
b. Secondary prevention
c. Tertiary prevention
d. Quaternary prevention
If we consider whether personality in young adulthood predicts personality in late
adulthood, we are concerned with which of the following controversies or issues?
a. nature-nurture
b. stability-change
c. continuity-discontinuity
d. quantitative-quantitative
Testing people’s fear of flying shortly following a well-publicized major airplane crash
might produce a(n)
a. age effect.
b. time-of-measurement effect.
c. practice effect.
d. cohort effect.
How much energy the body needs is termed
a. body mass index.
b. metabolism.
c. body-energy expenditure.
d. caloric intake.
Questionnaires and interviews are examples of__________ techniques.
a. observational
b. correlational
c. sampling
d. self-report
The basic assumption of person-environment interactions is that
a. the person is a function of behavior and the environment.
b. behavior is a function of the person and the environment.
c. environment is a function of the person and behavior.
d. the person, behavior, and environment are unrelated.
Based on the research on fluid and crystallized intelligence, we know that
a. learning continues through adulthood.
b. learning gets easier through adulthood.
c. you can”t teach an old dog new tricks.
d. learning in adulthood is tedious and should be avoided.
The Eden Alternative lists which of the following as accounting for the bulk of
suffering among older adults?
a. boredom
b. loneliness
c. helplessness
d. all of the these
__________refers to behavioral symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease tending to be worse
in the evening than in the
morning.
a. Sunrising
b. Sundowning
c. Evening dominance
d. Positive symptom pattern
A researcher decides to investigate whether there are any significant changes in IQ
scores from early adulthood through late adulthoo
d. The researcher begins with a sample of 21-year-olds and plans to follow this group
until they are 80-years-ol
d. The type of research design is
a. cross-sectional.
b. longitudinal.
c. time-lag.
d. sequential.
By_______, all the Social Security Trust Fund assets will be gone.
a. 2014
b. 2024
c. 2033
d. 2043
The percentage of adults ages 65-74 who are enrolled in Medicare and live in a
long-term care facility is approximately
a. 2%.
b. 8%.
c. 14%.
d. 22%.
After doing poorly on an exam, you ask yourself, “What can I do to improve my
performance next time?” This is an example of a
a. primary appraisal.
b. secondary appraisal.
c. tertiary appraisal.
d. reappraisal.
Older_______ have more numerous and more intimate friendships than do
older________.
a. men; women
b. women; men
c. brothers; sisters
d. African and European Americans; Asian and Latino Americans
One view of personality incorporates_______, which consist of things important to
people.
a. dispositional traits
b. life narrative
c. self-concept
d. personal concerns
An important predictor of marital success is
a. age of the partners.
b. homogamy.
c. exchange theory.
d. all of these.
An important point about quality of life is that
a. it is an objective assessment.
b. one’s assessment always corresponds to other’s evaluations.
c. its assessment is highly subjective.
d. it is elusive and impossible to measure.
The preservation and stabilization of a positive view of the self in later life involves
a. immunizing activities.
b. accommodations.
c. assimilative activities.
d. all of these.
__________is one of the most common complaints of older adults, affecting more than
40% of community- dwelling adults on a regular basis.
a. Pain
b. Depression
c. Sleep apnea
d. Decreased mobility
Research on ethnicity, gender, and occupational development finds that women of
different ethnic groups
a. differ significantly in their career expectations.
b. do not differ significantly in their participation in nontraditional careers.
c. European American women who choose nontraditional careers tend to plan for more
formal education than they need to achieve their goals.
d. Native American women who choose nontraditional careers tend to plan for more
formal education than they need to achieve their goals.
The two neuroimaging techniques that are most often used provide
a. detailed images of the anatomical features of the brain and indications of brain
activity.
b. measurements of the diffusion of water molecules in brain tissue.
c. measures of heart beat and respiration changes in older adults.
d. evidence of the positivity effect.
The procedures used in research to ensure that participants are treated fairly and with
care are known as
a. ethical principles.
b. psychological principles.
c. psychometrics.
d. debriefing.
Which of the following is primarily designed to allow caregivers to get away?
a. milieu therapy
b. respite care
c. adult day care
d. stress relief care
In 2013, was about $90,500 per year and was by far the leading catastrophic health care
expense.
a. life insurance
b. medication cost for elderly persons
c. the average cost for a private room in a long-term care facility
d. the medical expenses for heart-related illnesses
A criticism of Rowe and Kahn’s theory of successful aging is
a. it is not based on research conducted on representative samples.
b. it is based on largely Western ideas of what successful aging is.
c. it makes several key assumptions (such as people having access to health care) that
may not be universally true.
d. all of these are criticisms of the theory.
X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs are examples of
a. genetic imaging.
b. nonnormative brain development.
c. structural neuroimaging.
d. functional neuroimaging.
Chemicals that communicate from terminal branches of one cell to dendrites of another
cell are known as
a. neurotransmitters.
b. neuritic plasma.
c. organelles.
d. neurofibrillary fluid.
Withholding medical treatment is a form of
a. active euthanasia.
b. passive euthanasia.
c. benevolent euthanasia.
d. medical euthanasia.
Since the findings by Costa and McCrae indicating stability in personality over time,
more recent research indicates change is also possible. For example, in one study it was
found that extraversion and openness decreased with age while______increased over
time.
a. impulsiveness
b. conscientiousness
c. neuroticism
d. agreeableness
Which of the following statements is not true?
a. Pain is a common complaint among older adults.
b. Pain is a normal part of aging.
c. Pain can be controlled.
d. Chronic diseases are often accompanied by pain.
Costa and McCrae suggest that personality traits stop changing by age 30, after which
they appear to be ‘set in plaster.” Which of the following gives validity to their claim?
a. Their studies were cross-sectional.
b. Their correlations were high.
c. Many additional research studies have been conducted that support their claim.
d. Laypeople’s observations of the personality traits of others supports their claim.
Research on the five stages of dying shows that
a. there are right and wrong ways to die.
b. individual differences are the rule.
c. few people vary from the normative experience.
d. there is only one progression toward death.