______levels of care in nursing homes are defined by U.S. federal regulations.
a. Two
b. Three
c. Four
d. There are no regulations in the United States regarding nursing home care.
To be diagnosed with clinical depression, the symptoms must be present for at least
a. 2 days.
b. 2 weeks.
c. 2 months.
d. There is no criteria for how long symptoms must be present in order to diagnose
clinical depression.
The ability to remember extensive amounts of information from a few seconds to a few
hours to decades is known as
a. sensory memory.
b. working memory.
c. long-term memory.
d. remote memory.
How we approach problems is known as our
a. personal control.
b. cognitive style.
c. attributional style.
d. processing goal.
In terms of Social Security, since 1940,
a. men collect payments about 3 years longer and women about 5 years longer.
b. taxes on workers have gone up each year to cover the future costs of the program.
c. people increasingly rely on personal savings and not on Social Security as their main
form of income.
d. the government has continuously increased the benefits paid from the program to all
older adults.
Deciding on the best option for an elderly person entails assessing the ability of family
members or friends to provide or care.
a. finances
b. support
c. safety
d. love
According to Brandtstdter, a person who ignores evidence of declines or blames it on
something else is said to be
engaging in
a. immunizing mechanisms.
b. secondary control.
c. assimilative activities.
d. accommodative activities.
Loss of memory due to Alzheimer’s disease is an example of
a. primary aging.
b. secondary aging.
c. tertiary aging.
d. quaternary aging.
Normative history-graded influences are events that
a. are unique to each person.
b. occur at a specific age for each person.
c. generally occur around the same age for most people.
d. often give a generation its unique identity.
_______prevention is any intervention that prevents a disease or condition from
occurring.
a. Primary
b. Secondary
c. Tertiary
d. Quaternary
Which of the following is not associated with age differences in the vestibular system?
a. vertigo
b. body sway
c. dizziness
d. presbyopia
Laura lives in an area in which women are frequently victims of violent crimes, but she
was the top student in her
selfdefense class. In terms of Lawton and Nahemow’s model, she has
a. low environmental press.
b. high alienation.
c. high competence.
d. unrealistic expectations.
The CRUNCH model suggests that there are two main mechanisms the older brain uses
to perform tasks:
a. increased synapses and neurotransmitters.
b. memory aids such as mnemonic devices and brain training exercises.
c. brain training and recruiting friends to help with cognitive tasks.
d. more of the same and supplementary processes.
The Pioneer Network focuses on
a. changing the culture of aging in America regardless of where older adults live.
b. creating a habitat rather than facilities for the aging.
c. providing variety in daily activities and spontaneity.
d. all of these.
Research findings have shown an association between bilateral activation in older
adults and_____performance in a number of tasks, including_______memory tasks.
a. higher; long-term
b. lower; working
c. higher; working
d. lower; short-term
________is characterized by behavioral and cognitive deficits that involve permanent
damage to the brain.
a. Depression
b. Dementia
c. Delirium
d. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
This is a physical condition in which the inability to breathe temporarily interferes with
the individual’s sleep
a. dysthermia
b. sleep apnea
c. presbyopia
d. perimenopause
One well-known intergenerational conflict is between adolescents and their parents. A
lesser known conflict that may have increased potential in the future is between
a. children and their grandparents.
b. children and their adolescent siblings.
c. the young-old and the old-old.
d. young/middle-aged adults and older adults.
Blanchard-Fields and colleagues found that when participants were presented with
different situations with positive or negative outcomes, older adults were more likely to
make________ about the main character.
a. situational attributions
b. causal attributions
c. interactive attributions
d. dispositional attributions
Deciding that you did poorly on an exam because you did not study is which type of
attribution
a. effort attribution.
b. personality attribution.
c. dispositional attribution
d. situational attribution.
One of the nurses at Joan’s nursing home always speaks to her in a way she feels is
belittling. She often says things such as “Joanie, dear, we need to get you ready for the
day, so hurry, hurry” or “Uhoh sweetie, it looks like you have made a big mess here. We
better get this cleaned up quickly.” This type of speech is known as
a. stereotypical speech.
b. insulting.
c. progressive speech.
d. infantilization.
The field of neuroscience can be defined as
a. the study of free radicals.
b. the study of the compensatory changes that older adults make in adapting to
behavioral decline.
c. the use of stem cells to generate new neurons.
d. the study of the brain, particularly the study of plasticity in the aging brain.
Prevention and treatment of diabetes among older adults involves
a. increasing the intake of sugar.
b. reducing involvement in exercise.
c. a low carbohydrate and low calorie diet.
d. increasing intake of red wine.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of cross-sectional research?
a. multiple age groups
b. multiple cohorts
c. repeated observations
d. single time-of-measurement
Popular television shows such as Jeopardy! are based on contestants’ accumulated
a. fluid intelligence.
b. crystallized intelligence.
c. unexercised abilities.
d. multidirectionality of thinking.
O”Leary suggests that there is a continuum of aggressive behaviors that progresses as
follows:
a. verbal, physical, severe physical, murder.
b. emotional, verbal, physical, severe physical.
c. emotional, verbal, physical, murder.
d. verbal, physical, severe physical, separation.
The changing balance of T-lymphocytes may help explain why older adults need to be
immunized________against specific diseases such as influenza.
a. earlier
b. later
c. not at all
d. repeatedly over a period of months
Healthy recommended levels of HDLs are at least above______ in men and________
in women.
a. 40 mg/dL; 50mg/dL
b. 50 mg/dL; 40 mg/dL
c. 40 mg/dL in both men and women
d. 50 mg/dL in both men and women
How do perceptions of control over health change over time?
a. Sense of control over one’s health increases over the life span.
b. Sense of control over health increased for women and decreased for men across the
life span.
c. There were no changes in sense of control over one’s health up until the 70s. As one
transitions into the mid 70s and 80s, sense of control declines.
d. Sense of control varies considerably by individual and is not tied to age.
Some research shows that men tend to overperceive and women tend to underperceive
their cross-sex friends’
_______________ in/for them.
a. intellectual interest
b. trust
c. sexual interest
d. level of affection
Which of the following may have a sudden onset after a CVA? Its progression is
described as stepwise and highly variable across people.
a. Parkinson’s disease
b. AIDS dementia complex
c. vascular dementia
d. Alzheimer’s disease
Dr. Termined wants to follow the 2010 class of gerontology graduates across the decade
after their graduation. Which research design will Dr. Termined most likely use?
a. cross-sectional
b. longitudinal
c. time-lag
d. sequential
It is estimated that 30-40% of women in___________experience sexual harassment in
the workplace.
a. nontraditional occupations
b. the European Union
c. Asia-Pacific countries
d. white-collar occupations
Which of the following are not part of the disablement process proposed by Verbrugge
and Jette (1994)?
a. risk factors
b. personal factors
c. extraindividual factors
d. intraindividual factors
One of the most significant findings in the neuroscience literature is the
observed______of neural activation patterns in older adults’ brain activity when
compared with the brain functioning of younger adults.
a. continuity
b. lateralization
c. bilateralization
d. interruption