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Reduced sensitivity to high-pitched tones is known as
a. presbyopia.
b. presbycusis.
c. retinopathy.
d. vestibular atrophy.
A key concept in Jung's theory of ego development is
a. conflict.
b. dialectic.
c. balance.
d. function.
According to most hospitals, lack of brain activity
a. is the sole indicator of whole-brain death.
b. only has to be absent in the brainstem for whole-brain death to be declared.
c. only has to be absent in the cortex for whole-brain death to be declared.
d. must occur in the brainstem and cortex for whole-brain death to be declared.
What feature of memory reflects an individual's confidence in being able to complete a
task?
a. metamemory
b. memory self-efficacy
c. online awareness
d. source awareness
Which of the following responses would be considered a normal sign of grief?
a. sadness
b. anger
c. denial
d. all of these
You realize that you have an exam coming up for your biology course. Half of it is
multiple choice and half of it is essay. You realize the essay section will be harder than
the multiple-choice part of the exam. This is an example of
a. metamemory.
b. memory monitoring.
c. on-line awareness.
d. memory awareness.
Structured observations differ from naturalistic observations in that they
a. use correlations to assess the strength and direction of a relationship.
b. create a situation that is likely to elicit the behavior of choice.
c. sample behaviors of interest in everyday situations.
d. manipulate independent variables to see the effects on dependent variables.
In one recent study,_________had the most positive view of successful aging.
a. children
b. adolescents
c. middle-aged individuals
d. the oldest adults
Research suggests that all of the following external memory cues are most effective
except those that
a. require a pen or pencil.
b. are active rather than passive.
c. are given close to the time action is required.
d. are specific to a particular action.
Changing your identity over time is a process of reframing your life story, which
according to McAdams, is strongly influenced by
a. generativity.
b. personal control.
c. personal concerns.
d. culture.
Experts and laypeople were found to have extremely high agreement on the factors that
constitute intelligence. Which of the following was not one of those factors?
a. social competence
b. problem-solving abilities
c. verbal ability
d. spatial ability
Overall, labor force participation for older adults in developed countries has been
increasing most rapidly among
a. women.
b. men.
c. divorced people.
d. child-free individuals.
Women are especially susceptible to severe bone degeneration characterized by loss of
bone mass and increased bone porosity. This condition is called
a. osteoarthritis.
b. osteoporosis.
c. bone atrophy.
d. dendritic spreading.
Kahana and Kahana (2006) built a model of successful aging based on the core concept
of
a. the zone of maximum comfort.
b. aging in place.
c. environmental press.
d. proactivity.
The process of prospective memory begins with the intention to remember something in
the future and depends on monitoring
a. event and time cues.
b. encoding and retrieval.
c. automatic and effortful processing.
d. implicit and explicit memory.
Which of the following was found to be a protective factor for maintaining one's
cognitive state over time?
a. having relatives who lived to very old age
b. having parents with high IQs
c. having a large number of friends to socialize with
d. speaking multiple languages
In most industrialized countries, women's average longevity is about_____ years more
than men's at birth.
a. 1
b. 5
c. 7
d. 10
When a person's cortical functioning ceases but brainstem activity continues, a person is
said to be in a
a. persistent vegetative state.
b. coma.
c. psychological fugue.
d. clinical death state.
The activation of an automatic, unconscious stereotype is known as
a. implicit social beliefs.
b. implicit stereotyping.
c. implicit attributions.
d. explicit stereotyping.
Which biological theory of aging examines the role of diet in the aging process?
a. wear-and-tear theories
b. cellular theories
c. programmed-cell-death theories
d. rate-of-living theories
Across 48 different cultures, those that have good health care, education, and resources
and allow young adults to select their own mates tend to
a. have more children per family.
b. have higher levels of passion in relationships.
c. develop more secure romantic attachments.
d. have lower rates of abusive relationships.
Today we tend to think of careers as something people________rather than something
people
____________.
a. need; want b. create; enter
c. enter; create d. desire; need
Making connections between new information and already known information is called
a. encoding.
b. imagery.
c. elaborative rehearsal.
d. recognition.
Which of the following is not a microscopic change used to define Alzheimer's disease
at autopsy?
a. neurofibrillary tangles
b. choline acetyltransferase decline
c. rapid cell death
d. neuritic plaques
The white matter area of the brain shows deterioration with increasing age. A
neuroimaging method called_______assesses the rate and direction that water diffuses
through the white matter.
a. fMRI
b. white matter hyperintensities
c. CT scan
d. diffusion tensor imaging
Women have_______ the amount of time they spend on housework, and men
have_______ the amount of time they spend on such tasks.
a. decreased; increased
b. increased; decreased
c. held constant; increased
d. decreased; held constant
Which of the following is an example of a normative age-graded influence on
development?
a. learning to drive a car
b. living during the Great Depression
c. winning the lottery
d. contracting AIDS
Which of the following neurotransmitters has been linked to both Alzheimer's disease
and Huntington's disease?
a. dopamine
b. acetylcholine
c. serotonin
d. GABA
The most important difficulty in using depression assessment measures with older
adults is that most measures have been developed on younger individuals and they
include items assessing
a. physical symptoms.
b. sexual behavior.
c. substance use.
d. family relationships.
In a hospice, family members and staff tend to emphasize pain management, whereas
patients are more likely to emphasize
a. spirituality and the process of dying.
b. remedying financial issues.
c. resolving conflicts with family members.
d. creating new relationships with other hospice patients.
A______________ is a collection of people born in the same time period and/or who
experience the same historical events.
The range of functioning within an individual and the conditions under which a person's
abilities can be modified
within a specific age range is .
What happens to the cognitive performance of men and women over time?
Researchers have generally concluded that most of the reason memory performance
declines with age has to do with problems.
What is the association between hearing loss and the experience of negative emotional
reactions?
Occasionally, people temporarily experience a complete loss of memory and are
disoriented in time, a condition known as ________________.
High postvacation workloads eliminate most of the positive effects of a vacation within
about________.
Describe normative age-related differences in working memory. What are the
implications for daily functioning?
Neurological changes, chronic diseases, and other ailments can change behavior. These
are called
_________________.
In Piaget's________ stage, children can classify objects into groups based on logical
principles and can mentally reverse a series of events.
usually involves talking to a clinician or participating in a group.
What are developmental changes or trends in leisure activities?
_______results from a buildup of pressure within the eye, whereas__________are
caused by the development of opaque plaques on the lens.
What is the stability-change controversy? How does this relate to the
continuity-discontinuity controversy?
The passage of the_______in 1993 entitled workers to take unpaid time off to care for
dependents with the right to return to their jobs.
Describe the two levels of care in nursing homes and the regulations for long-term care
facilities.
The disease_________ occurs when the pancreas produces insufficient insulin.
