In the theory of personal control developed by Heckhausen, Wrosch, and Schulz,
changing one’s goals is referred
to as
a. primary control.
b. secondary control.
c. possible selves.
d. problem-focused coping mechanism.
Lowering one’s cholesterol is important in lowering one’s risk for
a. cardiovascular disease.
b. lung cancer.
c. anxiety disorders.
d. dementia.
Modifying occupational goals happens for many reasons including
a. the person’s interests change.
b. the occupation was not a good fit.
c. the person lacks certain essential skills and cannot acquire them.
d. all of the above.
Because of the changing population trends in the United States, the chances of_____
conflict may increase.
a. cultural
b. familial
c. intergenerational
d. child-retiree
Jose has been in the hospital for several weeks due to heart problems. Everyday a nurse
helps Jose sit up in bed and move around some to prevent fluid buildup and blood
clotting. This could be seen as a
a. primary prevention.
b. secondary prevention.
c. tertiary prevention.
d. quaternary prevention.
Which of the following statements about Kubler-Ross’s stages of dying is true?
a. All people go through all the stages.
b. People only experience one stage at a time.
c. People vary considerably in their experience of the stages.
d. People go through all the stages at the same rate.
When confronted with a new situation, you draw upon prior experiences. This is known
as your
a. knowledge base.
b. social context base.
c. social knowledge.
d. implicit memory.
Because it is difficult to study all the primary mental abilities, researchers have focused
on five representative ones. These are number, word fluency, verbal meaning, inductive
reasoning, and
a. deductive reasoning.
b. reflective judgment.
c. spatial orientation.
d. crystallized intelligence.
______-tend to remain single longer in young adulthood and get married at later ages
than____________.
a. Women; men
b. Men; women
c. Those with lower incomes; those with higher incomes
d. Those in Eastern societies; those in Western societies
Sixty-five-year-old Maggie has joined an exercise program and is trying to keep a
positive outlook since her diagnosis of arthritis. These activities are examples of
a. risk factors.
b. personal factors.
c. extraindividual factors.
d. intraindividual factors.
_____is a cause of vision loss in later adulthood due to destruction of receptors in the
central region of the retina.
Which of the following is not a recommendation that a caregiver of a dementia patient
should consider?
a. institutionalize the patient immediately and without question
b. make realistic financial plans
c. maximize the patient’s opportunity to function
d. involve the patient in decisions as much as possible
Which of the following statements about hospices is false?
a. Hospice clients take a fairly active role in their own care.
b. Family members are encouraged to maintain the client’s competencies.
c. Hospices follow a hospital model of care.
d. Pain management is a high priority.
Deciding that you did poorly on an exam because you did not study is called a(n)
a. effort attribution.
b. causal attribution.
c. causation effect.
d. situational attribution.
Which is true regarding the dependency ratio?
a. the lower the number, the fewer the workers
b. the higher the number, the more workers
c. the lower the number, the more workers
d. the higher the number, the fewer workers
________tend to have the most tenuous relationships with children because the bond
can be broken at any time for any number of reasons having nothing to do with the
quality of care being provided.
a. Adoptive parents
b. Gay and lesbian parents
c. Grandparents
d. Foster parents
One’s willingness to let the situation determine what he or she will do is known as in
Whitbourne’s identity theory.
a. accommodation.
b. assimilation.
c. perspective hypothesis.
d. scenario testing.
All of the following are chronic conditions except
a. arthritis.
b. diabetes.
c. cancer.
d. the common cold.
Corr (2013) identified four dimensions of the issues or tasks that a dying person faces
from their perspective: bodily needs, psychological security, interpersonal attachments,
and
a. intrapersonal understanding.
b. spiritual energy.
c. closure with family members.
d. dispersement of financial assets.
Which research technique overcomes the challenges associated with implicit aging
stereotyping?
a. Young-Old Implicit Attitudes test
b. hypnosis
c. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
d. There is no technique that can overcome this, as by definition, these stereotypes are
implicit and, therefore, inaccessible.
Research on developmental trends in formal operations shows that
a. older adults outperform younger adults.
b. college-educated adults typically skip this stage.
c. all adults operate at this level.
d. some adults never attain this level.
In the theory of personal control developed by Heckhausen, Wrosch, and Schulz,
changing the environment to
achieve one’s goals is referred to as
a. primary control.
b. secondary control.
c. possible selves.
d. problem-focused coping mechanisms.
According to Brandtstdter, a person who uses all sorts of memory aids (such as an
iPhone calendar) because they
pride themselves on not forgetting appointments is said to be engaging in
a. primary control.
b. secondary control.
c. assimilative activities.
d. emotion-focused coping.
According to Lazarus and Folkman, arguing that “I don”t have to worry about plane
crashes because I never fly” is
an example of
a. primary appraisal.
b. secondary appraisal.
c. tertiary appraisal.
d. coping.
In the ABCDE model of friendships, what does the C stand for?
a. continuity
b. communal nature
c. compatibility
d. continuation
When presented with examples of older and younger adults who are forgetful or not
forgetful, both younger and older adults
a. judge the older forgetful person more harshly.
b. were more likely to have confidence in younger people, both forgetful and not
forgetful.
c. were more likely to have confidence in younger and older people who were not
forgetful.
d. showed an age-based double standard.
The time needed for medication to make it into the blood stream is called
a. absorption.
b. distribution.
c. metabolism.
d. excretion.
Older adults take more medications on average than any other age group. When
over-the-counter drugs are included, this averages to about medications per older adult.
a. one to two
b. three to four
c. six to seven
d. ten to twelve
In the 1980s, the United States Congress began making substantive changes in the
benefits to older adults based on the concept of
a. laissez-faire government.
b. fiscal conservancy.
c. corporal punishment.
d. intergenerational fairness.
The Women’s Health Initiative and the Million Women Study both concluded that
women who used MHT displayed an increased risk for
a. dementia.
b. cervical cancer.
c. osteoporosis.
d. breast cancer.
The term ‘sandwich generation” applies to
a. people who feel torn between the wishes and desires of their parents and those of
their in-laws.
b. middle-aged people caring for both aging parents and their own children.
c. older adults who do not have enough income to afford food beyond the basics.
d. children who have parents, stepparents, grandparents, and stepgrandparents.