Which of the following is not a major category of leisure activities?
a. experiential
b. developmental
c. social-public
d. psychological
Some forms of Alzheimer’s disease are linked to genetics. However, whether one
experiences Alzheimer’s, and how the disease might progress, is thought to be
influenced by one’s environment. This example expresses which of the following
controversies?
a. continuity-discontinuity
b. stability-change
c. longitudinal-sequential
d. nature-nurture
___________has/have created new opportunities for young adults to create possible
selves.
a. Online social media
b. Higher involvement in the work force
c. More opportunities to travel both domestically and internationally
d. More comprehensive higher education programs
A lack of heartbeat and respiration are the two criteria for
a. cortical death.
b. brain death.
c. clinical death.
d. biological death.
Activities that require some intellectual competence and planning, such as paying bills
and taking medications appropriately, are called
a. functional activities of daily living.
b. instrumental activities of daily living.
c. activities of daily living.
d. disabilities of daily living.
Originally, Social Security was
a. created as a program for the wealthy.
b. intended to provide a supplement to savings and other means of financial support.
c. created as a health insurance program.
d. a food program for the elderly poor.
Which is true about cardiovascular disease?
a. The incidences of cardiovascular disease decrease dramatically with age.
b. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in all ethnic groups in the United
States.
c. The rates of cardiovascular disease are higher for women until age 75.
d. Testosterone helps protect men from cardiovascular disease.
Which of the following places minimal demands on attentional capacity and gets
information into the system largely without us being aware of it?
a. divided attention
b. sustained attention
c. inhibitory loss
d. automatic processing
Hummert and colleagues found that, when primed with the subliminal message “old,”
adults responded faster to the word “ugly,” and when primed with the subliminal
message “young,” adults responded faster to the word “pretty.”
This is evidence for
a. implicit social beliefs.
b. implicit stereotyping.
c. implicit attributions.
d. explicit stereotyping.
When people encounter changes in their particular combinations of environmental press
and competence, they respond with
a. depression or anger.
b. proactivity or anger.
c. proactivity or docility.
d. tend or befriend.
No area is more susceptible to negative stereotyped attributions of aging than
a. physical decline.
b. memory competence.
c. hearing impairment.
d. sexual behavior.
Given what you have learned about the relationship between nutrition and cognitive
functioning over time, what is one piece of advice you could give others?
a. The research on the relationship between nutrition and cognitive functioning is
unclear.
b. Maintaining good levels of certain nutrients in blood plasma can reduce structural
changes in the brain and cognitive declines.
c. The nutrients important for women’s cognitive functioning are different from those
required by men.
d. After age 75, nutrition is not an important factor in cognitive functioning.
Nearly twice as many__________are single during young adulthood as European
Americans, and more are choosing to remain so.
a. Latinos
b. African Americans
c. Asian Americans
d. Middle Easterners
Differences in prevalence rates of mental disorders across racial and ethnic groups are
grounded in which two factors?
a. diet and exercise
b. poverty and social class
c. language and education level
d. generation and geographic location
Alice has misplaced her keys (which rarely happens), but her grandchildren are worried
that something might be wrong with her, even though her granddaughter has done the
same thing three times this week. The above is an example of
a. an age-based double standard.
b. an age-based stereotype.
c. the beginning signs of Alzheimer’s disease.
d. senility.
A type of therapy that emphasizes increasing the number of rewards or reinforcements
people receive from their environment is
a. psychoanalytic therapy.
b. behavioral therapy.
c. cognitive therapy.
d. drug therapy.
Images of older adults as slow, forgetful, and easily confused are based on
a. negative stereotypes.
b. negative attributions.
c. negative correlations.
d. biased research findings.
Schooler (1982) showed that the presence of affected the likelihood that a particular
situation would be defined as threatening.
a. stressors
b. coping mechanisms
c. lack of mobility
d. social support
Why is there a trend for companies to hire older workers, particularly on a part-time
basis?
a. They need the expertise older workers bring.
b. The type of benefits older workers may (or may not) need might make them less
expensive employees.
c. Older workers are more flexible in terms of hours.
d. All of these are reasons why hiring older workers is a good option for many
companies.
Practice effects are a major problem with_________.
a. cross-sectional designs
b. longitudinal designs
c. time-lag designs
d. sequential designs
Experts
a. use novel approaches to solve difficult problems.
b. have extensive knowledge about a particular topic.
c. are highly practiced.
d. use all of these.
One way to increase a person’s death awareness is to
a. write your own obituary.
b. attend as many funerals as possible.
c. wear black.
d. attend religious services during Easter.
When asked to describe their hoped for and feared possible selves, researchers found
that adults over the age of 60 were more likely to be focused on concerns.
a. family
b. material
c. personal
d. occupational
Which of the following is not a social demographic variable implicated in reducing
rates of intellectual decline?
a. having a complex job
b. exposure to stimulating environments
c. utilization of cultural and educational resources
d. low educational level
Women’s overall median income is approximately________ that of men’s and varies
based on ethnicity.
a. 46%
b. 73%
c. 81%
d. 97%
Although there is an impressive collection of research supporting personality stability
using the five-factor model, there is also research indicating personality change. Ursula
Staudinger and colleagues’ perspective reconciles these differences by suggesting
personality takes on two forms:
a. implicit and explicit development.
b. adjustment and growth.
c. stability and change.
d. qualitative and quantitative development.
In Kahana’s model, an example of a preventive adaptation would be
a. changing one’s diet after having a heart attack.
b. taking medication to reduce high blood pressure.
c. beginning an exercise regiment to reduce the chances of developing health problems.
d. moving into a nursing home after suffering a fall.
High levels of___________ has/have been associated with lower rates of dementia.
a. white matter hyperintensities
b. B vitamins in one’s diet
c. education
d. egocentrism in one’s personality
Age-related decline in_________ working memory tends to be greater than the decline
in_________ working memory.
a. verbal; spatial
b. verbal; mathematical
c. spatial; verbal
d. mathematical; verbal
Dennis is 70 years old and feels good about his life. He is healthy, has a successful
business, two grown daughters and a lovely wife, and continues to enjoy golfing with
his friends. Dennis is
a. aging successfully.
b. likely to develop a life-threatening disease.
c. likely to have financial problems in the future.
d. none of these.
Which region of the brain is implicated in emotional processing?
a. cerebellum
b. sensorimotor area
c. hippocampus
d. ventromedial prefrontal cortex
Benjamin (2010) proposed that older adults have a(n)_______that causes problems in
source memory and the inability to exclude irrelevant information.
a. global deficit
b. specific deficit
c. occipital deficit
d. hormonal deficit
The most overlooked losses of a child are those that happen through
a. accidents.
b. chronic disease.
c. stillbirth, miscarriage, abortion, and neonatal death.
d. war.
_____is the leading cause of functional blindness in the United States.
a. Macular degeneration
b. Presbyopia
c. Diabetic retinopathy
d. Glaucoma
After asking yourself, “What can I do to improve my performance on my next exam?”
you decide you should read
the chapter before lecture so you can pay more attention in class. This is an example of
a. primary appraisal.
b. reappraisal.
c. problem-focused coping.
d. emotion-focused coping.