If participants at the end of a longitudinal study tend to be those who were initially
higher on some variable, then we have a case of
a. negative selective survival.
b. positive selective survival.
c. elective selective survival.
d. equally selective survival.
If older adults are primed with negative aging stereotypes, and their subsequent
performance on memory tests is worse than older adults who were primed with positive
aging stereotypes, then we can conclude that older persons are vulnerable to
a. bias in memory testing.
b. stereotype threat.
c. activation of implicit beliefs.
d. learned helplessness.
Evidence from neuroimaging research indicates that emotion and logic are integrated in
which area(s) of the brain?
a. prefrontal cortex
b. anterior insula
c. amygdala
d. all of the above
Around the world, large numbers of employees each year participate in______aimed at
improving existing skills or adding new job skills.
a. retraining
b. community service
c. motivational seminars
d. team building exercises
According to Jung, which of the following increases with age as we develop a need to
explore feelings of aging and mortality?
a. extroversion
b. introversion
c. masculinity
d. femininity
In nearly______ of two-parent households, both parents work outside the home.
a. 20%
b. 40%
c. 60%
d. 70%
A 35-year-old man loses his job and is now actively searching for a new job. According
to Heckhausen, Wrosch, and Schulz, this is an example of
a. primary control.
b. secondary control.
c. possible selves.
d. problem-focused coping mechanisms.
When people develop explanations of behavior, this is known as a
a. situational attribution.
b. causal attribution.
c. causation.
d. dispositional attribution.
Which of the following cardiovascular diseases results in pain that is relieved by rest in
5 to 10 minutes and can be treated with nitroglycerine?
a. myocardial infarction
b. angina pectoris
c. ischemia
d. cardiac arrhythmia
Most facial wrinkling experienced by adults is
a. inevitable.
b. genetic.
c. caused by an overuse of vitamin E.
d. preventable if one limits exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet rays and doesn’t smoke.
The effective functioning of the dopaminergic system________in normal aging.
a. increases
b. declines
c. stays the same
d. misfires
Which controversy is a derivative of the stability-change issue and examines whether
development occurs as a smooth transition over time or as a series of abrupt shifts?
a. nature-nurture
b. quantitative-qualitative
c. continuity-discontinuity
d. heredity-environment
Which of the following are associated with hearing loss?
a. exposure to loud noise over an extended period of time
b. exposure to loud noise over a short period of time
c. using headphones or earbuds at high volume, especially while exercising
d. all of the above are factors in hearing loss
What occupation a person holds appears to have no impact on a person’s need to
derive_____ from their work.
a. money
b. a sense of meaning
c. status
d. career stability
All of the following are essential in a special care unit except
a. specially designed elements in hallways and rooms.
b. special training for staff to work with residents who have dementia.
c. wrist or ankle bands for residents to allow mobility yet provide safety.
d. special medication and soft restraints for all residents.
The dependency ratio reflects which of the following?
a. the number of children under the age of 18 living in the United States
b. the number of people dependent upon others for activities of daily living (ADLs) and
instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs)
c. the number of people under age 15 and over age 64
d. the number of people over age 75
In the 1970s, benefits paid from Social Security
a. went directly into other social programs for the elderly.
b. increased.
c. decreased.
d. were denied to many elderly individuals.
Because lithium is a salt, it raises blood pressure. Thus, it is dangerous for people who
a. have hypertension or kidney disease.
b. experience high rates of anxiety.
c. take SSRIs.
d. have certain types of cancers.
A serious concern with Rowe and Kahn’s model is that it may send a negative message
that
a. older people with health problems have not aged ‘successfully.”
b. older people in poverty have not aged ‘successfully.”
c. older people who do not have large social networks have not aged ‘successfully.”
d. only young people are beautiful.
Mary is a construction worker with a larger firm. She really enjoys the hands-on work
and the good pay. However, her friends and family do not view her career favorably.
This is likely because
a. she holds a nontraditional job.
b. she is too feminine.
c. she is too masculine.
d. she has unrealistic expectations.
How do mentors benefit from the mentor-mentee relationship?
a. Mentoring may enable a person to rise to a higher level in his or her own career.
b. Mentors are guaranteed promotions.
c. Mentors can hand off their job duties to others.
d. Mentors are rewarded with work perks like more vacation time.
At 85-years-old, Elizabeth has recently begun to lose control of her bladder, which has
led to several embarrassing situations when she has been out with friends. Elizabeth is
suffering from
a. Crohn’s disease.
b. irritable bowel syndrome.
c. incontinence.
d. hormonal enuresis.
Research focusing on life transitions as the basis for personality development shows
a. clear evidence of a single sequence of qualitative changes.
b. supportive evidence based on large representative samples.
c. strong evidence of transitions at specific points (such as age 30).
d. little evidence of universal transitions tied to specific ages.
A European American woman, over age 85, was recently admitted to a hospital and has
problems with IADLs and has no siblings or children living nearby. This describes the
typical
a. nursing home resident.
b. Alzheimer’s patient.
c. adult day care client.
d. elderly person who lives independently.
Opinions about euthanasia
a. vary cross-culturally.
b. are related to religious and political beliefs.
c. vary depending upon the issue under consideration (for example, removing life
support versus withholding food).
d. all of the above.
About half of all young adults in the United States return to their parents’ home at least
once after moving out. These young adults are called
a. transient kids
b. college rebounders
c. boomerang kids
d. sandwich generation kids
Joe works on an assembly line where he puts together windshield wiper parts. He is
unhappy in his job because he feels it is routine, repetitive, and undervalued. Joe is
experiencing
a. alienation.
b. burnout.
c. stress.
d. unrealistic expectations.
A longitudinal study by Strawbridge and colleagues (1998) found that poorly perceived
health, smoking, heaving drinking, and_______predicted who would become disabled.
a. depression
b. social islolation
c. physical inactivity
d. all of these
Diseases with a rapid onset that last a relatively short time are
a. chronic diseases.
b. acute diseases.
c. age-related.
d. psychological diseases.
Secondary baby talk, also called , involves the unwarranted use of a person’s first name,
terms of endearment, simplified expressions. and an assumption that the recipient has
no memory.
a. seniorspeak
b. simplespeak
c. patronizing speech
d. elderspeak
In the United States, which of the following statements about sex differences in average
longevity is true?
a. Women live less long due to factors such as maternal mortality and female
infanticide.
b. Women tend to live longer than men.
c. Men and women have the same average longevity.
d. Men live longer due to their increased access to health care and higher
socioeconomic status.
Successful aging involves
a. being in good health.
b. continued high cognitive and physical competence.
c. continued engagement with life.
d. all of these.
When Tina talks to her mother ,she talks slowly while exaggerating the intonation of
her voice. This is an example of
a. stereotyped speech.
b. age-based language.
c. patronizing speech.
d. infantile speech.
What are the theories regarding changes in voice with age?
Identify and provide an example of an external memory aid.
______involves the interaction of different hormones and results in tissue stiffening.
Making choices about how one does and does not want their life to end constitutes
a________.
____________refers to the degree to which you believe that the outcome of a task
depends on your personal characteristics.
What is the meaning of work?
Do people’s ideas of what intelligence is vary across the life span? In other words, do
people conceptualize intelligence differently at different ages?
A brain structure called the helps regulate emotion.
People in different________have different ways of describing how they feel and, as a
result, may describe symptoms of mental disorders differently.
The process by which people remove themselves from full-time employment is
called__________.
__________is the presence of a physical or mental disease or impairment.
Discuss the key structural features of a neuron. What is the role of neurotransmitters?
A(n) double standard is operating when memory failures in older adults are seen as
worse than memory failures in younger adults.
What are age-related changes in hair, and how do these vary for men and women?
When one cannot determine which of two or more variables is responsible for an
observed behavior or outcome, the results are said to be ________________.
The main reason why older women do not engage in sexual activity is______.
Older adults show________levels of brain activity in the parietal and frontal regions of
the brain involved in the retrieval of information.
Physician services, outpatient hospital services, and medical equipment and supplies are
covered under Medicare Part _____.
______is the normative age-related loss of the ability to hear high tones.
How have companies adapted to having more older workers?