Jung believed personality development________, but Freud believed personality
development ended_____________.
a. ended at age 5; in old age
b. continued across adulthood; in adolescence
c. continued across adulthood; at age 65
d. was stage-based; when one reached formal operational thought
In a large cross-sectional study of source memory, adults between the ages of 21 and 80
years of age showed
a. an increase over time.
b. a gradual increase until age 60, a decrease between age 60 and 65, and then a
leveling off.
c. a linear decrease over time.
d. a precipitous drop after age 75.
The practice of ending life for reasons of mercy is known as
a. euthansia.
b. cessation of suffering.
c. bioethics.
d. advance directive.
Many middle-aged women who divorce face significant
a. stigma from others.
b. pressure to remarry.
c. isolation.
d. financial challenges.
The focus of________ prevention programs is avoiding additional medical problems;
the focus of______ prevention programs is functioning.
a. primary; secondary
b. secondary; tertiary
c. quaternary; tertiary
d. tertiary; quaternary
Which of the following neurotransmitters is associated with Parkinson’s disease?
a. dopamine
b. acetylcholine
c. serotonin
d. GABA
Why is osteoporosis more common in women than in men?
a. Men have higher levels of estrogen, which protects them from osteoporosis.
b. Higher testosterone levels in men protect them from osteoporosis.
c. Osteoporosis is carried on the X sex chromosome and men’s Y chromosomes protect
them from contracting osteoporosis.
d. The decrease in estrogen in women following menopause greatly increases bone loss.
In Hooker’s theory, state processes are to dispositional traits as______are to personal
concerns.
a. cognitive processes
b. self-regulatory processes
c. life narratives
d. all of the above
When people develop explanations of behavior based on things outside the person’s
control, this is known as a(n)
a. situational attribution.
b. inherent attribution.
c. causation.
d. dispositional attribution.
Nursing home residents who have high perceived personal control show improvements
in well-being and activity levels and they _________________.
a. sleep more.
b. live longer.
c. return home faster.
d. use more medications.
Whether someone believes that he or she is in control of a situation influences how
competent that person is. In
Willis’ model of everyday competence, this is termed
a. an antecedent.
b. a mechanism.
c. a component.
d. an outcome.
All of the following are causes of wrinkles except
a. thinning of the epidermal layer.
b. collagen fibers losing flexibility.
c. elastin fibers keeping skin more stretched.
d. losing the underlying layer of fat.
________, which is often conducted by a team of professionals, is the most effective
type of assessment.
a. A holistic approach
b. Multidimensional assessment
c. Neuropsychological testing
d. Life-review assessment
The National Human Neural Stem Cell Resource supplies researchers with neural stem
cells that are obtained from
a. umbilical cords.
b. postnatal, postmortem human brains.
c. mice.
d. living humans.
Which variables are manipulated by the researcher(s) in an experiment?
a. dependent variables
b. independent variables
c. codependent variables
d. confounding variables
Which of the following is a major risk factor for the development of skin cancer?
a. exercise and a low-fat diet
b. exposure to the UV rays of the sun
c. having dark-colored skin
d. low levels of sex hormones
Personal control is thought to play a role in
a. memory tasks.
b. stress.
c. health.
d. all of these.
SPECT and PET are examples of
a. structural neuroimaging techniques.
b. functional neuroimaging techniques.
c. Alzheimer’s assessments.
d. behavioral tests that assess frontal lobe atrophy.
Most people retire
a. because their company downsized and let them go.
b. because they accepted a retirement incentive package.
c. because they are in poor health.
d. by choice.
The Healthy People 2020 Initiative sets targets for a healthier population based upon
three broad goals. Which of the following is not one of these goals?
a. increasing the length of healthy life
b. increasing access to psychological counseling services for all
c. reducing health disparities among Americans
d. achieving access to preventive services for all
An individual’s innate abilities independent of acquired knowledge and experience
constitute
a. fluid intelligence.
b. crystallized intelligence.
c. primary intelligence.
d. tertiary intelligence.
Whether a friendship ultimately ends depends heavily on
a. the proximity of the individuals involved.
b. the availability of alternative relationships.
c. the level of conflict in the relationship.
d. whether it’s a female-female, male-male, or cross-gender relationship.
Neuroscience research shows that during encoding, the prefrontal cortex in older adults
shows
a. no activity.
b. lower activity.
c. overactivity.
d. pathological functioning.
According to McAdams, the narrative that people create and revise throughout
adulthood is a
a. life-span construct.
b. life story.
c. life narrative.
d. scenario.
The results from Project ACTIVE indicate that declines in fluid abilities are
a. inevitable.
b. undefined.
c. reversible.
d. permanent.
The formal process of measuring, understanding, and predicting behavior is known as
a. a life-course review.
b. assessment.
c. examination of available resources.
d. psychological testing.
This type of memory stays fairly stable until 55-60 years of age and then shows a
precipitous decline after age 65.
a. sensory memory
b. episodic memory
c. semantic memory
d. remote memory
Understanding that development is shaped by biological, psychological, sociocultural,
and life-cycle forces defines which feature of the life-span perspective?
a. multidirectionality
b. plasticity
c. historical context
d. multiple causation
Melissa is high in warmth, gregariousness, activity, and positive emotions. In Costa and
McCrae’s theory, Melissa would be considered high on the dimension of
a. neuroticism.
b. extraversion.
c. openness to experience.
d. agreeableness.
The best way to view midlife is as a time of
a. inevitable losses.
b. unavoidable crises.
c. both gains and losses.
d. inevitable gains.
A problem facing many people who never marry is that
a. there are numerous stereotypes and biases against single people in the United States.
b. they find it difficult to make friends.
c. people feel sorry for them.
d. research finds there are no disadvantages to remaining single.
Substances that prevent oxygen from combining to form free radicals are known as
a. collagens.
b. telomeres.
c. antioxidants.
d. coenzymes.
BRCA1 on chromosome 17 and BRCA2 on chromosome 13 have been linked to a
susceptibility for
a. lung cancer.
b. breast cancer.
c. prostate cancer.
d. pancreatic cancer.
What do earlyonset Alzheimer’s disease and Huntington’s disease have in common?
a. pattern of neurological changes
b. autosomal dominant pattern of genetic transmission
c. age of onset
d. types of neurotransmitters involved