Describe false memories. Why might older adults be more susceptible to false
memories?
_________involves remembering items or events that did not occur.
Negative stereotypes about aging_______ the memory performance of older adults.
a. increase
b. decrease
c. are unrelated to
d. confuse
A type of therapy that emphasizes changing maladaptive beliefs and thoughts is
a. psychoanalytic therapy.
b. behavioral therapy.
c. cognitive therapy.
d. drug therapy.
Which of the following most accurately describes Social Security?
a. It is a pay-as-you-go system.
b. It is a savings plan.
c. It is a loan given by younger generations to older generations that must be paid back.
d. It can go up or down dramatically like the stock market.
________is an increasingly popular way to reduce death anxiety.
a. Enquiring about physician-assisted suicide
b. Writing a living will
c. Hiring a health care power of attorney
d. Participating in death education
The P-FIT model examines the interrelations between the parietal lobe,
located________, and the frontal lobe, located ___________.
a. behind the forehead; at the top of the head
b. at the top of the head; behind the forehead
c. at the base of the skull; behind the forehead
d. at the center of the brain; behind the forehead
Traditional scientific reasoning is an example of which aspect of formal operations?
a. hypothetico-deductive thought
b. multiple frameworks
c. reality constraints
d. multiple solutions
Research on abnormal, age-related structural changes in neurons shows that
a. neurons are lost by the tens of thousands each year.
b. a pattern of both loss and growth appears to be the case.
c. there is no question that the main issue is dendritic loss.
d. it turns out that there are few changes in neurons.
Developmental changes that are related to disease, lifestyle, and other environmental
factors that are not inevitable are termed
a. primary aging.
b. secondary aging.
c. tertiary aging.
d. holistic aging.
Women tend to base their friendships on
a. social interactions.
b. emotional sharing.
c. shared activities.
d. personality matches.
Which of the following brain imaging techniques is based on x-rays?
a. SPECT
b. PET
c. MRI
d. CT
One of the negative consequences of infantilization of older persons is
a. treating the older person as overly independent.
b. causing an older person to lose the desire to be self-sufficient.
c. making them remember more about the present so they forget the past.
d. making the older adult disoriented.
Nearly_______of all adults in the United States have a chronic health condition. a. 10%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 65%
Research on emotion and thought processes has concluded that
a. younger adults tended to think at higher developmental levels when confronted with
emotionally charged problems, such as unethical behavior at work.
b. middle-aged adults tended to think at lower developmental levels when confronted
with emotionally charged problems, such as unethical behavior at work.
c. high school students tended to think at the highest developmental levels when
confronted with emotionally charged problems.
d. middle-aged adults tended to think at higher developmental levels when confronted
with emotionally charged problems.
Socially shared beliefs about characteristics and behaviors of a particular social group
are called
a. assumptions.
b. biases.
c. evaluative adjectives.
d. stereotypes.
Older adults sometimes show reduced activation of appropriate prefrontal regions. At
other times, they show the same or greater recruitment of these areas, when compared
with younger adults, depending on the task they are doing. This indicates that prefrontal
recruitment is
a. unpredictable.
b. impossible to measure.
c. predictable in younger adults but unpredictable in older adults.
d. context dependent.
The concept that skilled care environments for frail older adults are habitats rather than
facilities for the frail is the philosophy behind
a. the Americans with Disabilities Act
b. the Eden Alternative
c. the Pioneer Network
d. the Nursing Home Bill of Rights
The theoretical upper limit of an individual’s capacity to function in areas such as
physical skills, cognitive skills, and ego strength is called
a. performance.
b. adjustment.
c. adaptation.
d. competence.
Dr. Geri Atrics wants to survey people ages 21- and 90-years-old to get their opinions
concerning Social Security. Which research design is Dr. Atrics most likely to use?
a. cross-sectional
b. longitudinal
c. time-lag
d. sequential
If there are higher rates of depression in the relatives of depressed people than would be
expected given the base rates in the population, then this argues for a cause of
depression.
a. biological
b. social
c. cultural
d. psychological
Normative age-related developmental changes, such as the slowing of one’s reaction
time and the loss of family members and friends, are considered
a. primary aging.
b. secondary aging.
c. tertiary aging.
d. quaternary aging.
Whether a patient with a fatal cancer should be subjected to aggressive treatment and
whether a patient’s life support machine should be turned off are issues studied in the
field of
a. psychoethics.
b. socioethics.
c. bioethics.
d. medethics.
___________functioning includes processes such as the ability to control what one is
thinking about at any one moment in time and the ability to focus on relevant
information and eliminate irrelevant information.
a. Executive
b. Cognitive
c. Psychological
d. Conscious
Employed mothers have significantly less stress than both employed nonmothers and
nonemployed mothers when they
a. have average or high control over their jobs.
b. have parents who live in close proximity.
c. work in nontraditional occupations.
d. work part time rather than full time.
In terms of cholesterol, which of the following is most important?
a. having low levels of HDLs
b. having equal levels of LDLs and HDLs
c. having a healthy ratio of LDLs to HDLs.
d. having a high level of LDL (over 160 mg/dL)
Recent research into what causes working memory deficits in older adults has found
that
a. older adults have more trouble accessing multiple pieces of information.
b. older adults have more trouble juggling all of the information at once.
c. verbal working memory is much more affected than spatial working memory.
d. testing at night improves older adults’ performance.
The most common form of cancer in men is______and in women is_______.
a. colon; breast
b. lung; breast
c. prostate; breast
d. lung; colon
Anniversary reactions tend to be
a. a sign of abnormal grief.
b. found only in individuals with posttraumatic stress syndrome.
c. common in normal grief.
d. not related to the grief process.
A major issue regarding end-of-life decisions concerns whether the person is
cognitively or legally able to make them. In this regard, there are two types of
determination: the capacity to make decisions and____________, which is determined
by a court.
a. a competency decision
b. the person’s physical state
c. the person’s emotional well-being
d. the person’s cognitive functioning
A newer variation on re-partnering is____________, an arrangement in which two older
adults form a romantic relationship but maintain separate living arrangements.
a. singlehood
b. living alone together
c. single cohabiting
d. elderdating
According to Piaget’s theory, changing one’s thoughts to make a better approximation of
the world is called
a. organization.
b. operations.
c. accommodation.
d. assimilation.
The study of the interface between human values and technological advances in health
and life sciences is called
a. gerontology.
b. bioethics.
c. euthanology.
d. biomedics.
What is the relationship between employment status and stress?
a. People who were employed did not experience stress about job loss.
b. Only actual threat of job loss led to stress, not perceived threat of job loss.
c. Those who perceived their jobs were in jeopardy, even if they were not, showed
stress levels equal to unemployed people.
d. People who were unemployed showed the lowest levels of stress.
When a person is asked to write down their responses to a set of questions, this is called
a(n)____________________.
What does it mean to be satisfied with one’s job?
A person’s concern over dying is referred to as________.
Remembering that you have a dentist appointment next Friday at noon
requires________.
What is multidimensional assessment?
Why do we say neuroimaging must be used “carefully and ethically”?
Are there age-related differences in problem solving? Explain.
If spending patterns do not change, by 2030 expenditures for Social Security and
Medicare are expected to consume roughly % of the entire gross domestic product
(GDP) of the United States.
The most serious type of_____ is______, which involves an irreversible destruction of
membranes around the air sacs in the lung.
Describe Erikson’s last stage of development.
Support services such as transportation, socialization, and daily checks are
characteristic of
____________________.
About__________million U.S. grandparents have grandchildren living with them.
_________memory, remembering to take one’s medication at a future time, is critical to
good adherence to a medication regimen.
What does it mean to say that social context facilitates cognitive performance?
__________involves teaching persons with Alzheimer’s disease to remember new
information by gradually increasing the time between retrieval attempts.
What are the research findings concerning religiosity and ethnicity?
can be compared across a group along a continuum representing high and low degrees
of the characteristic.