Archives

A. dyes. B. food. C. fiber. D. medicines. E. all of these A. 3.5 million B. 4 million C. 40 million D. 3.5 billion E. 4.5 billion A. agronomy. B. botany. C. plant anatomy. D. plant morphology. E. plant taxonomy. […]

A. erosion. B. freezing and thawing of water in tiny cracks in the rock. C. growth of plant roots into cracks in the rock. D. organic acids etching tiny cracks in the rock. E. all of these A. hold plants […]

A. gravitropism. B. photoreceptor. C. phototropism. D. phytochrome. E. thigmotropism. A. phototropism. B. positive gravitropism. C. negative gravitropism. D. sleep movements. E. thigmotropism. A. are well-known and clear. B. overlap, making it difficult to determine which hormone is the primary […]

A. The information is identical. B. The information is the same in animals, but not in other organisms. C. The information is the same in plants, but not in other organisms. D. There is no similarity. E. They carry information […]

A. determined by linkage. B. never known. C. the actual alleles of the genes present. D. the way it looks. E. none of these A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. you can’t tell without more information A. […]

Chapter 14—The Molecular Basis of Inheritance Key 1. A chromosome consists of 2. The experiments of Hershey and Chase demonstrated that A. the genetic code is a triplet code. B. DNA is the genetic material. C. mutations occasionally occur in […]

89. Another name for a mobile genetic element is a(n) ____________________. 90. Figure 14-1 Refer to Figure 14-1. The component labeled 1 is a. deoxyribose. b. ribose. c. phosphate. d. a nitrogen base. e. DNA polymerase. d transposon 91. Figure […]

A. new strains are developed in a fraction of the time. B. a desirable trait from any organism, even an unrelated one, can be incorporated into the new strain. C. bacteria transfer their genes through a tube. D. all of […]

A. Lamarck B. Malthus C. Aristotle D. Darwin E. Mendel A. correctly explained why a giraffe has a long neck. B. was the first to propose the survival of the fittest. C. stated that acquired variations could be transmitted to […]

A. a group of natural populations whose members share the same gene pool but cannot interbreed with each other. B. a group of related genera. C. a group of natural populations whose members can interbreed. D. a group of individuals […]

A. cladistics. B. systematics. C. Latin sentences composed of many words. D. a scientific name of two words. E. Darwin’s theory of evolution. A. inventing the herbal. B. inventing the herbarium. C. inventing cladistics. D. developing the binomial system of […]

63. Some endospores are so durable that they can survive more than an hour of boiling or centuries of freezing. 64. Cyanobacteria photosynthesize in the same way algae and plants do. TRUE 65. Some obligate anaerobes are poisoned by oxygen. […]

Chapter 19—Viruses and Prokaryotes Key 1. Viruses 2. A virus consists of ____ and ____. A. DNA; RNA B. DNA; ribosomes C. RNA; enzymes for protein synthesis D. DNA; enzymes for protein synthesis E. DNA; a protein coat 3. Viruses […]

A. compounds. B. elements. C. ions. D. inorganic. E. isotopes. A. hydrogen B. ionic C. covalent D. double E. single A. covalent B. double C. hydrogen D. ionic E. single A. amino B. double C. peptide D. polar E. none […]

A. cytoplasmic extensions B. waving cilia C. whipping flagella D. flexing individual cells E. all of these A. modes of nutrition B. body form C. methods of reproduction D. all of these E. modes of nutrition and body form A. […]

Chapter 21—Kingdom Fungi Key 1. Fungi 2. Which of the following statements concerning fungi is FALSE? A. Some are decomposers B. Some are parasites C. They are more sensitive than bacteria to high osmotic pressures D. They produce spores that […]

56. Aflatoxins are produced by certain species of 57. Cell walls of chitin is more resistant than cellulose to breakdown by microorganisms. TRUE 58. Although most fungi are heterotrophs, there are a few that are autotrophs. FALSE 59. Yeasts reproduce […]

Chapter 22—Introduction to the Plant Kingdom: Bryophytes Key 1. Green algae and plants share all of the following except one. Which is the exception? 2. Plants are thought to have evolved from ancient green algae because A. they have the […]

69. Liverworts can reproduce sexually by fragmentation of the thallus. 70. Leafy liverworts belong to the phylum Anthocerophyta. FALSE 71. Gemmae are an asexual form of reproduction in liverworts. TRUE 72. Liverworts lack stomata. TRUE 73. Hornworts have a single […]

Chapter 23—The Plant Kingdom: Seedless Vascular Plants Key 1. Seedless vascular plants 2. Which is/are seedless plants that have xylem and phloem? A. ferns only B. lycophytes only C. bryophytes only D. ferns and lycophytes E. lycophytes and bryophytes 3. […]

67. The covering of a sorus is called a(n) ____________________. 68. The fern gametophyte is called a(n) ____________________. prothallus 69. The type of branching where the stem divided into two essentially equal halves is called ____________________ dichotomous 70. Megaspores are […]

Chapter 24—The Plant Kingdom: Gymnosperms Key 1. ____ consist of an embryonic plant, nutritive tissue, and a protective coat. 2. An adaptive advantage that seeds have over spores is that A. seeds can be dispersed by wind B. seeds contain […]

67. Most conifers are ____________________, having separate male and female reproductive parts in different locations on the same plant. 68. In pines, sperm are produced when the ____________________ cell divides. body 69. Strobili of conifers are commonly called ____________________. cones […]

Chapter 25—The Plant Kingdom: Flowering Plants Key 1. In flowering plants, the ovules are completely enclosed in 2. The flowering plants A. are the most successful and abundant plants today B. are all characterized by their large, conspicuous flowers C. […]

63. An ovary develops into a(n) ____________________. 64. A(n) ____________________ consists of an anther and a filament. stamen 65. ____________________ mother cells are found in ovules. Megaspore 66. A pollen sac is a(n) ____________________. microsporangium 67. The ____________________ is an […]

Chapter 26—Ecosystems Key 1. Ecology is 2. An example of a biotic component is A. the lithosphere B. wind C. a bacterium D. a rock E. the hydrosphere 3. Which contains the largest number of organisms? A. community B. ecosystem […]

69. ____________________ dispersion usually results when seed dispersion is limited. 70. The maximum growth rate under ideal conditions is called the ____________________. intrinsic rate of increase 71. The S-shaped growth curve is indicative of ____________________. logistic population growth 72. Type […]

Chapter 27—Global Ecology and Human Impacts Key 1. What is most important for determining a biome’s boundaries? 2. Which of the following statements concerning biomes is FALSE? A. They are large terrestrial regions B. They are characterized by climate, soil, […]

61. In the current mass extinction, larger numbers of plant species are becoming extinct than in previous mass extinctions. 62. An ecological “island” must be surrounded by water. FALSE 63. Biologists generally agree that global warming will not have a […]

A. Hooke B. Schleiden C. Schwann D. Virchow E. van Leeuwenhoek A. hand lens B. light microscope C. scanning electron microscope D. transmission electron microscope E. none of these A. All cells come from preexisting cells. B. All organisms are […]

A. the wavelength of blue light B. the wavelength of red light C. the wavelength of green light D. the wavelength of yellow light E. the wavelength of orange light A. the wavelength of blue light B. the wavelength of […]

A. collenchyma cells B. companion cells C. parenchyma cells D. all of these E. none of these A. collenchyma cells B. parenchyma cells C. sclerenchyma cells D. plant cells E. animal cells A. collenchyma cells B. parenchyma cells C. sieve-tube […]

A. an adventitious root. B. a fibrous root. C. a graft root. D. a sucker root. E. a tap root. A. absorb dissolved minerals from the soil B. anchoring the plant in place C. converting carbon dioxide into carbohydrates D. […]

A. circumferential B. lateral C. primary D. secondary E. terminal A. apical meristems at the tips of stems and roots. B. lateral meristems. C. nodes. D. the cork cambium. E. the vascular cambium. A. lateral meristems. B. shortened underground stems. […]

A. epidermis, cortex, and pith. B. epidermis, mesophyll and ground tissue. C. epidermis, mesophyll, xylem, and phloem. D. spongy mesophyll, palisade mesophyll, and stipule. E. none of these A. the lower epidermis has stomata and the upper epidermis usually does […]

Chapter 9—Flowers, Fruits, and Seeds Key 1. Gametes are 2. Fertilization is A. the joining of the egg cell with a sperm cell. B. the production of mature ovules in the ovary. C. the transfer of pollen from anther to […]

73. Figure 9-1 Refer to Figure 9-1. Which of the following is TRUE about this flower? a a. It is complete and perfect. b. It is complete and imperfect. c. It is incomplete and perfect. d. It is incomplete and […]

Classification is hierarchical Each species is named using a binomial system The scientific method An experiment must have a control Scientists use inductive and deductive reasoning Many observations and experiments support theories 2. Summarize and discuss the features of plants […]

Preface The assumptions that I made in preparing this solution manual for your laboratory class are; your lab will last between 1.5 to 2 hours, you will have 30 students per lab, and that students in your lab will work […]

A. See Table 1-1. Familiarize yourself with the table and data. 2. Scientific Data A. See Table 1-2. Familiarize yourself with the table and data. B & C. How is the data to be graphed? Suggestion:Most students need help with […]

meiosis lead to different combinations of alleles. Preparation time will be about half an hour. It will involve making packets with yarn and beads for each group of students. The lab itself should take about 50 minutes. pieces of blue […]

3. Distinguish between macronutrients and micronutrients and list the essential elements. 4. Discuss tension–cohesion and root pressure as mechanisms to explain the rise of water in xylem. 5. Discuss the pressure-flow hypothesis of sugar translocation in phloem. Chapter 10 Mineral […]

Punnett square and to human characteristics. Most of the prep time will be three weeks before the lab when the seeds are planted in the trays. This should take about an hour. Unless there is an automated system to provide […]

development: auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, abscisic acid. 4. Relate which hormone or hormones is/are involved in each of the following biological processes: leaf abscission, seed germination, apical dominance. 5. Explain why varying amounts of light and darkness induce flowering, and […]

2. Auxin 2 small potted Coleus or periwinkle plants, labels 4. Ethylene and a Leaf Two cut branches of a dicot (Holly, Rose, elm), beakers, water, bell jar, apple hormones. The prep time will begin early when the small Coleus […]

Chromosomes move toward the cell’s poles during anaphase During telophase, two separate nuclei form Cytokinesis forms two daughter cells Sexual reproduction Meiosis Homologous chromosomes separate into different daughter cells during meiosis I During meiosis II, sister chromatids separate A comparison […]

B. Markers, plant press, old newspapers C. Local flora book with a dichotomous key Laboratory Investigation #13 Taxonomy Description of the Lab This lab focuses on plant taxonomy. A dichotomous key will be constructed and a dichotomous key will be […]

2. Distinguish among chromosomes, genes, and alleles. 3. Solve simple genetics problems involving monohybrid and dihybrid crosses. 4. Explain how a test cross is used to determine the genotype of an individual exhibiting a dominant phenotype. 5. Define linkage and […]

B. Prepared microscope slides of the 5 phyla of fungi, living or preserved fungi from 1A 2. Reproduction of fungi A. Prepared microscope slides of the 5 phyla of fungi containing hyphae and sexual structure of each phylum. Laboratory Investigation […]

4. Summarize the process of DNA replication and explain what is meant by “semiconservative replication.” 5. Compare the structures of DNA and RNA molecules and identify the functions of the three types of RNA: messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal […]

B. Polytrichum (swordfern) leaf, cs, prepared microscope slide C. Fern prothallus prepared microscope slide D. Horsetail (Equisetum) shoots with strobili, dissecting microscope heterosporous life cycles will be covered. Living material must be collected from the area or a greenhouse. Since […]

3. Identify the role of biological vectors, such as plasmids, in recombinant DNA technology, and describe a biological vector and a nonbiological method used to introduce genes into plant cells. 4. Define DNA sequencing. 5. Define genome and briefly describe […]

A. Seed (female) cone B. Young Pinus ovulate cone, longitudinal section. Prepared slide C. Pinus ovule at fertilization, prepared slide 2.3 Seed and Embryo A. Pinus seed, longitudinal section, prepared slide B. Pine nuts Razor blade or scalpel and dissecting […]

3. Compare the modern synthesis with Darwin’s original theory of evolution. 4. Briefly discuss the evidence for evolution obtained from the fossil record. 5. Summarize the evidence for evolution derived from comparative anatomy. 6. Define biogeography. 7. Describe how scientists […]

parts of fruit and types of fruit. Students may share some of the inflorescences. Preserved ones may be used if they were pressed to show the different types of inflorescences. Flowers used for 1A may be sued again for 1D. […]

3. Define microevolution and explain how each of the following microevolutionary forces alters allele frequencies in populations: mutation, genetic drift, gene flow, natural selection. 4. Define biological species concept and describe some of the limitations of your definition. 5. Distinguish […]

logarithm, and rank abundance curve for species diversity. The prepare time will be determine upon how much you need to review the statistical concepts. The lab should take 50-60 minutes. of students. Make sure each plastic bag is randomly assorted. […]

2. Identify the biologist who originated the binomial system of nomenclature and describe the general scheme of the system. 3. List and describe the hierarchical groupings of classification. 4. Define systematics and describe the cladistic approach to systematics. 5. List […]

3. Compare viroids and prions. 4. Describe the basic structure of a prokaryotic cell. 5. Define the following terms: capsule, plasmid, pilus, and endospore. 19 – 1 Chapter 19 Viruses and Prokaryotes CHAPTER OUTLINE Viruses A virus consists of nucleic […]

Go over the list and fill it out before lab 2. Stream Distillation (DEMONOSTRATION) Stream distillation apparatus (SEE BELOW) Rose petals, mint leaves or both Laboratory Materials and Equipment for Student Use Laboratory Investigation # 19 Economic Botany Lab Description […]

Fats and oils are examples of lipids Proteins are large organic molecules composed of amino acids Enzymes are proteins that accelerate chemical reactions DNA and RNA are nucleic acids Energy is temporarily stored in ATP Energy and biological work The […]

B. Apium (celery), Pyrus (Pear) Razor blades, microscope slides & coverslips Phloroglucinol solution C. Apium (celery), Pyrus (Pear) D. Helianthus (sunflower) Stem, prepared slide E. Pyrus stained slide prepared in part B F. Quercus (oak), macerated wood, prepared slide G. […]

locomotion, modes of nutrition, interactions with other organisms, and modes of reproduction. 3. Describe the kinds of data biologists use to classify eukaryotes. 4. Briefly describe and compare euglenoids and dinoflagellates. 5. Briefly describe and compare water molds, diatoms, golden […]

Fungi cause many important plant diseases Some fungi cause animal diseases 3. List distinguishing characteristics and give examples of following fungal groups: chytridiomycetes, zygomycetes, glomeromycetes, ascomycetes, and basidiomycetes. 4. Explain the ecological significance of fungi as decomposers. 5. Describe the […]

2. Name the algal group from which plants are hypothesized to have descended and describe supporting evidence. 3. Explain what is meant by alternation of generations and diagram a generalized plant life cycle. 4. Summarize the features the distinguish bryophytes […]

4. Name and briefly describe ferns, and explain why whisk ferns and horsetails are currently classified as ferns. 5. Diagram the life cycle of ferns and compare their sporophyte and gametophyte generations. 6. Name and briefly describe the three groups […]

3. Summarize the features that distinguish gymnosperms from seedless vascular plants. 4. Name and briefly describe the four phyla of gymnosperms. 5. Contrast monoecious plants and dioecious plants. 6. Trace the steps in the life cycle of pine and compare […]

The rose family is important for its fruits and ornamentals The pea family provides important food crops The potato family is important for its food crops and medicines The pumpkin family includes major food plants The sunflower family is one […]

Disturbance influences succession Ecosystem ecology Energy flows through ecosystems in a one-way direction Pyramids of energy illustrate how ecosystems work Matter cycles through ecosystems Carbon dioxide is the pivotal molecule of the carbon cycle Bacteria are essential to the nitrogen […]

Human activities contribute to declining biological diversity To save native species, we must control invasive species Conservation biology addresses declining biological diversity caused by human activities In situ conservation is the best way to preserve biological diversity Landscape ecology considers […]

A. 5 Test tubes (13 mm), test tube rack, 0.05% amylase solution, 2mL pipettes or disposable transfer pipettes B – D. Multiwell culture plate, 1% starch solution, 0.05% amylase solution to be well thought out. The goal is to allow […]

concentration Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane Some substances cross membranes by facilitated diffusion or active transport chloroplasts, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, vacuole, cytoskeleton, and cell wall. 3. Summarize the similarities and differences […]

Boiling alcohol on hot plate Petri dish Iodine solution B. Potted Coleus plant (variegated leaves) that has been placed in dark for 72 hours. Black paper- put on portions of leaves and place plant in light for 24 hours Boiling […]

Aerobic respiration occurs in four stages: An overview Aerobic respiration is a complex process In glycolysis, glucose is converted to pyruvate Pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA The citric acid cycle oxidizes acetyl CoA The electron transport system produces most […]

Plants and People: Fibers and Textiles sclerenchyma tissue) of plants. 3. Outline the structure and function of the vascular tissue system (xylem and phloem) of plants. 4. Describe the dermal tissue system (epidermis and periderm) of plants. 5. Discuss what […]

B. Smilax (greenbrier) root cross section, prepared slide C. Salix (willow) root cross section with branch (lateral) roots, prepared slide A. Helianthus (sunflower) stem cross section, prepared slide B. Zea mays (corn) stem cross section, prepared slide Examination of eudicots […]

blades, (simple or compound), venation (net or parallel) arrangement (alternate, opposite, or whorled). Live or fresh leaves and plant will serve to show the external features of leaves. Prepared slide will be used to look at the leaf anatomy. Preparation […]

The central core in most herbaceous eudicot roots is vascular tissue The central tissue in some monocot roots is pith Woody plants have roots with secondary growth Roots with unusual functions Roots associations with other species Plants and People: Important […]

The vascular bundles of herbaceous eudicot stems are arranged in a circle in cross pith Vascular bundles are scattered throughout monocot stems Stems of woody plants Vascular cambium gives rise to secondary xylem and secondary phloem Cork cambium produces periderm […]

B. Ligustrum (privet) leaf cross section, prepared slide, dicot Zea mays (corn) leaf cross section, prepared slide, monocot C. Zebrina (wandering jew) plant that has been in bright light for several hours Microscope slides, coverslips & water D. Zebrina (wandering […]

Suggestion: Two to three seeds per group should be enough for the part the lab. B. Peas and beans seeds from both groups (eudicots) C. Corn seed that have been soaked in water overnight Corn seeds that have not been […]

3. Outline the physical changes that accompany stomatal opening and closing. 4. Discuss transpiration and its effects on the plant. 5. Define leaf abscission and explain why it occurs and what physiological and anatomical changes precede it. 6. List at […]

3. Compare the general characteristics of flowers pollinated in different ways (by insects, birds, bats, and wind). 4. Define coevolution and give examples of ways in which plants and their animal pollinators have affected one another’s evolution. 5. List and […]

B. Navel orange, seedless bananas, other seedless fruit; Spider plant (Chlorophytum comosum) with plantlets; sphagnum moss, plastic wrap, a tropical shrub such as a Hibiscus C. Plants suitable for cuttings such as: African violet (Saintpaulia), Begonia, Coleus, or Geranium, vermiculite […]