Chapter 16—Continuity Through Evolution Key
1. Who arranged organisms in a “Scale of Nature”?
2. Who proposed that evolution is “descent with modification”?
3. Lamarck’s theory of evolution
4. When humans breed plants or animals in order to obtain desired traits, they are carrying off the process of
5. Whose Principles of Geology suggested that geologic features change gradually over long periods of time?
6. Who proposed that populations increase in size until certain environmental factors limit population growth?
7. Darwin’s theory of natural selection states that
8. Darwin’s ideas on evolution were established as a result of
9. Who first proposed that evolution occurs by natural selection?
10. Which of the following is NOT one of the four observations of the natural world that form the basis for
natural selection?
11. Darwin thought that the major driving force in evolution was
12. Of the greatest importance in natural selection is the number of individuals who
13. A major weakness in Darwin’s theory was that
14. The synthetic theory of evolution
15. Evolutionary biologists generally agree that
16. What is the source of genetic variability in populations?
17. Fossils are
18. Which of the following statements concerning the fossil record is FALSE?
19. In contrast to the gradualism mode of evolution, the punctuated equilibrium mode states that
20. Organs that are similar in underlying form in different organisms due to a common evolutionary origin are
____ organs or structures.
21. The spine of the fishhook cactus and the tendrils of the garden pea are both modified
22. Homoplastic structures are different from homologous structures in that homologous structures
23. Independent evolution of similar structures in unrelated organisms, as a result of adaptation to similar
environments is known as ____ evolution.
24. Organs that appear to have no function are called ____ organs.
25. Which of the following statements concerning vestigial structures is TRUE?
26. Protective coloration
27. A species will spread out until it is halted by
28. Which of the following statements concerning biogeography is FALSE?
29. The molecules usually used to determine if organisms are related or not are
30. Which of the following statements concerning cytochrome c is FALSE?
31. The study of pollination of monkey flowers concluded that
32. Darwin was the first naturalist to propose a theory of evolution.
33. Lamarck proposed that the long neck of the present-day giraffe resulted from ancestral giraffes stretching
their necks.
34. The observation that many fossils do not resemble living organisms provides evidence that organisms
change over time.
35. The plants and animals on the various Galapagos Islands resemble each other more than they resemble those
from South America.
36. The Earth is old enough to provide adequate time for evolutionary changes to have occurred.
37. Alfred Russell Wallace actually published his theory of evolution by natural selection before Darwin did.
38. Natural populations have the potential to produce more offspring than will survive to reproductive age.
39. Individuals having favorable combination of traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than individuals
having unfavorable traits.
40. The synthetic theory of evolution has been discarded in favor of punctuated equilibrium.
41. Darwin knew of Mendel’s work but did not think it was important.
42. Evolution by natural selection is supported by a huge body of scientific observations and experiments.
43. Any organism is as likely to be fossilized as any other.
44. The more recent layers of sedimentary rock usually occur below older layers.
45. The gradualism mode of evolution states that transitional fossil forms exist but have not yet been
discovered.
46. The greatly reduced petals of maple flowers are examples of vestigial structures.
47. The bee orchid resembles a female bee and consequently is an example of protective coloration.
48. Species of plants and animals living on the coasts of continents frequently resemble the species living on
islands hundreds of miles offshore from those contents.
49. Unrelated groups may produce similar adaptations when evolving in similar environmental conditions.
50. Lines of descent based on molecular data do not usually resemble lines of descent based on structural and
fossil evidence.
51. All organisms use a genetic code that is virtually identical.
52. Species that are closely related have a high proportion of the nucleotide sequences in their DNA in
common.
53. A group of organisms of the same species living together at the same time is a(n) ____________________.
54. Genetic change in a population of organisms over time is called ____________________.
55. On his 5-year voyage aboard the HMS ____________________, Charles Darwin made observations that
helped him develop his theory of evolution.
56. ____________________ advocated the idea that geologic features on the Earth change gradually over
immense periods of time.
57. The type of rock in which fossils are deposited in chronological order is called ____________________.
58. The mode of evolution stating that the fossil record accurately reflects evolution is called
____________________.
59. Long periods with little evolutionary change interrupted by short periods of rapid evolution is known as the
____________________ model of evolution.
60. An expression for the idea that the individuals with the most favorable combination of adaptations are most
likely to survive and reproduce is ____________________.
61. Organs that have similar functions in different organisms, but do not have the same underlying form and do
not have the same evolutionary origin, are called ____________________ organs.
62. Thorns and spines are examples of ____________________ structures.
63. Organs that seem to serve no function are called ____________________ organs.
64. The resemblance of one organism to another organism or to an inanimate object is known as
____________________.
65. The study of the distribution of plants and animals is called ____________________.
66. The place where a species is thought to have originated is known as its ____________________.
67. Determining the order of nucleotide bases in DNA is called ____________________.
68. A protein commonly used to study evolutionary changes in amino acid sequences is
____________________.
69. Introducing a foreign species into an area is known as ____________________.
70. How do vestigial organs support evolution, and why aren’t they eventually eliminated from the species?
71. What information and evidence was available to Darwin and his contemporaries when he developed his
theory of evolution?
72. What conditions favor fossil preservation and what conditions do not? Based on this, what types of
organisms are more likely to be fossilized and what types leave little, if any, trace of their existence?
73. Compare and contrast the gradualism mode with the punctuated equilibrium mode of evolution.