69. Liverworts can reproduce sexually by fragmentation of the thallus.
70. Leafy liverworts belong to the phylum Anthocerophyta.
71. Gemmae are an asexual form of reproduction in liverworts.
72. Liverworts lack stomata.
73. Hornworts have a single large chloroplast in each cell, rather than many small chloroplasts.
74. Plants are a polyphyletic group.
75. Molecular evidence indicates that plants and ____________________ share a recent common ancestor.
76. Plants have a waxy ____________________ covering the aerial parts to prevent desiccation.
77. Plants have tiny pores called ____________________ on the surfaces of stems and leaves.
78. The sex organs of plants are called ____________________.
79. A(n) ____________________ is a male gametangium.
80. After the sperm swims down the neck of the archegonium, the next event to occur is
____________________.
81. The cells in the sporophyte which undergo meiosis are called the ____________________.
82. ____________________ plants have two vascular tissues, xylem and phloem.
83. Bryophytes have ____________________, tiny root-like structures that anchor them to their substrate.
84. The sporangium of mosses is called a(n) ____________________.
85. The filamentous thread of green cells that is produced when a bryophyte spore germinates is called a(n)
____________________.
86. The flat, ribbon-like, branching plant body found in hornworts and some liverworts such as Marchantia is
called a(n) ____________________.
87. Many liverworts produce tiny asexual reproductive bodies called ____________________ that are produced
in a small saucer-shaped structure.
88. The ____________________ generation is haploid and the ____________________ generation is diploid.
89. Figure 22-1
Refer to Figure 22-1. Which letter best indicates a protonema?
a.
A
b.
B
c.
C
d.
D
e.
E
90. Figure 22-1
Refer to Figure 22-1. Which letter best indicates antheridia?
a.
A
b.
B
c.
C
d.
D
e.
E
91. Figure 22-1
Refer to Figure 22-1. Which letter best indicates a zygote?
a.
A
b.
B
c.
C
d.
G
e.
H
92. Figure 22-1
Refer to Figure 22-1. Which letter best indicates the entire mature sporophyte plant?
a.
B
b.
H
c.
I
d.
J
e.
L
93. Figure 22-1
Refer to Figure 22-1. Which letter best indicates spore mother cells?
a.
A
b.
C
c.
F
d.
H
e.
L
94. Figure 22-1
Refer to Figure 22-1. Which letter best indicates a moss bud?
a.
B
b.
C
c.
D
d.
E
e.
G
95. Figure 22-1
Refer to Figure 22-1. Which letter best indicates the entire mature gametophyte plant?
a.
B
b.
C
c.
H
d.
I
e.
J
96. Figure 22-1
Refer to Figure 22-1. Which letter best indicates a spore that has germinated?
a.
A
b.
B
c.
C
d.
G
e.
H
97. List the four major challenges encountered by plants as they evolved to colonize land, and describe the
adaptations they developed that made the transition to land possible.
98. Describe the role of mosses in soil formation.