Chapter 14—The Molecular Basis of Inheritance Key
1. A chromosome consists of
2. The experiments of Hershey and Chase demonstrated that
3. Which of the following statements concerning chromosomes is FALSE?
4. A histone is a type of
5. A nucleotide consists of
6. Another name for the histone proteins and their associated DNA is
7. Each DNA molecule contains
8. The function of histones is to
9. The sequence of bases in DNA
10. The four bases in DNA are
11. A DNA nucleotide is different from an RNA nucleotide in that a DNA nucleotide contains
12. The two strands of DNA are
13. In the step-ladder model of DNA structure, the sides of the ladder consist of
14. In the step-ladder model of DNA structure, the rungs of the ladder consist of
15. Which of the following statements concerning the structure of DNA is FALSE?
16. The strands of a DNA molecule are held together by ____ bonds.
17. If the sequence of bases on a portion of one strand of DNA were -CAAGTTACGGAT-, then the other
strand must have the sequence
18. Who elucidated the structure of DNA?
19. Which of the following describes DNA replication?
20. Which of the following statements concerning DNA replication is FALSE?
21. A newly formed DNA double helix is made of
22. The role of DNA polymerase is to catalyze
23. The polymerase chain reaction is used to
24. The genetic code is made up of units or codons, each consisting of ____ nucleotides.
25. The genetic code states that ____ nucleotide(s) specifies(specify) the instructions for ____ amino acid(s).
26. There are ____ different kinds of codons.
27. DNA differs from RNA in that
28. The construction of a mRNA molecule from a DNA template is called
29. Which of the following processes occurs in the cytoplasm?
30. Which of the following processes occurs in the nucleus?
31. Which of the following is made in the nucleus?
32. The RNA molecule is made up of ____ strand(s).
33. The form of RNA that carries the code from DNA to the site where the protein is assembled is called
34. ____ carries amino acids to ribosomes where they are used to build a polypeptide.
35. The sequence of nucleotides on a DNA strand acts as the template for the synthesis of ____ RNA strand.
36. The enzyme that synthesizes a RNA strand from a DNA template is
37. If a DNA strand having the sequence of bases -CATTAGACTGAT- is used as a template to synthesize
RNA, then the complementary sequence of bases in the RNA must be
38. How is it possible for DNA in the cell nucleus to direct protein synthesis in the cytoplasm?
39. Which of the following is not specifically involved in translation?
40. Eukaryotic ribosomes are made of
41. Ribosomes are composed mainly of
42. An aminoacyl-tRNA consists of
43. Who am I? I have an anticodon.
44. If an anticodon were ACG, the complementary codon on mRNA would be
45. Which of the following is a start codon?
46. In the elongation phase of translation, two tRNAs, each carrying an amino acid, are attached side by side on
the mRNA in a ribosome. Which of the following happens next?
47. Which of the following events DOES NOT happen during the termination phase of translation?
48. The genetic code
49. Which of the following statements concerning mutations is FALSE?
50. Which of the following effects can a mutation have on an organism?
51. Which of the following statements concerning transposons is FALSE?
52. A single plant cell has the potential to grow into an entire plant.
53. When Hershey and Chase exposed bacteria to viruses containing radioactive DNA, they found that the
newly-produced viruses were not radioactive.
54. DNA contains the 5-carbon sugar ribose.
55. An essential property of DNA is that it replicates precisely.
56. In the polymerase chain reaction, the number of DNA molecules triples with each cycle.
57. DNA polymerase is a simple enzyme with a simple function.
58. A DNA molecule contains start and stop signals that are recognized by RNA polymerase.
59. In the genetic code, some triplets code for the same amino acid.
60. DNA polymerase is involved in the formation of mRNA.
61. During transcription, the RNA molecule forms a double helix with the DNA template.
62. Both mRNA and tRNA can bind to a ribosome.
64. A single mRNA molecule may have as many as 10 or 20 ribosomes attached to it at the same time.
65. One strand of mRNA can make only one copy of a protein.
66. Ribosomes consist of two identical subunits.
67. Following translation, the mRNA is degraded, and its nucleotides are used to make new RNA molecules.
68. The genetic code in animals is different from the genetic code in plants.
69. The cell can detect and repair errors made during DNA replication.
70. Mutations are the raw material for evolution.
71. The more closely related two organisms, the greater the differences in their DNA molecules.
72. Organisms that are not closely related may still have identical stretches of base sequences in their DNA.
73. All organisms except for bacteria are subject to mutations.
74. Transposons were first discovered in cotton plants.
75. A mass of undifferentiated cells produced in tissue culture is called a(n) ____________________.
76. The units of hereditary information carried in DNA are called ____________________.
77. The type of proteins which are found in chromosomes are ____________________.
78. The name for the physical structure of DNA is ____________________.
79. The enzyme that synthesizes a new strand of DNA is ____________________.
80. The Y-shaped region that forms during DNA replication is called a(n) ____________________.
81. Genes carry the information for making ____________________.
proteins or
82. The construction of a polypeptide from the coded nucleotide sequence in a mRNA molecule is called
____________________.
83. The type of RNA found in ribosomes is ____________________.
84. The 2 kinds of molecules which make up ribosomes are ____________________ and
____________________. (be specific)
85. The triplets of nucleotides in mRNA that specify a single amino acid are called ____________________.
86. A tRNA molecule with an amino acid attached is called a(n) ____________________.
87. Termination of protein synthesis occurs when the ribosome reaches a special ____________________
codon on the mRNA.
88. The ability of a single cell to develop into an entire organism is called ____________________.