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Fears that immigrants used their foreign ways to snare unsuspecting American girls into prostitution prompted the passage of what federal legislation, which prohibited bringing women into the country or transporting them across state lines for the purposes of prostitution? a. […]

When young offenders claim their unlawful acts were beyond their control, it’s known as: a. denial of responsibility b. denial of injury c. denial of victim d. condemnation of the condemners Which of the following does not increase the potential […]

Excessive alcohol use, access to a weapon, estrangement, obsession with a partner’s behavior, flashes of anger, and men who are under economic stress are predictors of __________________. The Plug Uglies, the Hudson Dusters, and the Dead Rabbits were gangs and […]

Discuss the nature and extent of child abuse. Identify at least four causes of child abuse. When it comes to defining obscenity, the Miller doctrine of obscenity has been praised for spelling out how community standards are to be determined. […]

Meta-analysis involves gathering data from: a. the social environment b. juveniles c. a cohort d. previous studies What is known about the trend in property crime rates? a. Like the violent crime rate, the property crime rate has increased slightly. […]

What is the role of a professional fence and identify three conditions that make for a successful fence? The 1979 transformation of Iran from a constitutional monarchy into an Islamic republic or theocracy is considered an insurgency. Answer: F The […]

___________________ is defined as a pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others. a. anti-social personality b. extreme extroversion c. latent introversion d. inferiority complex Criminal acts designed to bring financial reward to an offender are known […]

According to Gottfredson and Hirschi’s general theory of crime, the propensity to commit crime is tied directly to a person’s level of _______________. Illegal logging costs billions of dollars each year in governments revenue, impairing the ability of third world […]

__________________ are not professional criminals. They are amateur criminals whose decision to steal is spontaneous and whose acts are unskilled, unplanned, and haphazard. Economic crimes can be defined as acts in violation of the criminal code designed to bring financial […]

As with other violent crimes, the rate of rape has been on a decade-long rise with the highest monthly rates occurring in December and January. When an offender views the world as a corrupt place with a dog-eat-dog code, it […]

A relatively new form of prostitution that combines brothels with call girl rings is known as: a. a massage parlor b. traveling skeezers c. an aristocrat apartment d. a call house Evaluations of incarceration strategies reveal that their impact may […]

___________________ occurs when there are sexual relations between an underage (minor) victim and an adult. _____________________ is defined as the intentional or negligent discharge of a toxic or contaminating substance into the biosystem that is known to have an adverse […]

Felons are usually incarcerated in a federal or state prison; misdemeanants are housed in county jails or reformatories. Link genetics to crime. Discuss the findings of twin studies and the contagion effect. Answer: •The earliest studies conducted on the behavior […]

For the government to prove tax fraud, the minimum dollar amount that must be involved is: a. $50 b. $100 c. $1000 d. there is no minimum dollar amount People become criminals when significant members of society label them as […]

According to the principles of age-graded theory, repeated negative life experiences create a condition called _______________________. Adolescent-limited offenders may be considered “typical teens” who get into minor scrapes and engage in what might be considered rebellious teenage behavior with friends. […]

Critical criminologists are concerned about the impact of globalization. Which of the following is not a globalization threat? a. the growing dominance and reach of the free-market capitalist system that disproportionately benefits the wealthy b. the non-democratic operation of international […]

Which of the following statements pertaining to the link between lead and crime is inaccurate? a. High lead ingestion is linked to lower IQ scores, a factor linked to aggressive behavior. b. Criminologists have reported that areas with the highest […]

Conflict theorists are concerned with all but which of the following? a. the role government plays in creating a criminogenic environment b. the relationship between personal or group power and the shaping of criminal law c. the prevalence of bias […]

____________________ usually involves the suspension of the offender’s sentence in return for the promise of good behavior in the community under the supervision. Placing offenders behind bars during their prime crime years should lessen their lifetime opportunity to commit crime. […]

Discuss evolutionary theory and its association with gender-based differences in the crime rate. Marriage and employment serve as informal social control mechanisms that limit criminal behavior opportunities. Answer: T Answer: •According to this evolutionary view, the competition for scarce resources […]

The idea that the punishment must be equitably administered and based on what people deserve for their crimes is called ______________________. A variety of alternative sentences exist, in part, to relieve prison and jail overcrowding. Identify and discuss four of […]

According to Messner and Rosenfeld, the dominance of economic concerns weakens the informal social control exerted by the family, church, and school. ____________ differs from earlier theories of behavior in that it stresses that biological and genetic conditions affect how […]

One of the strengths of the general theory of crime is that is it tautological in nature. Organic solidarity is a postindustrial social system that is highly developed and dependent upon the division of labor, and in which people are […]

Discuss the historical evolution of the legal definition of burglary. According to the restorative justice model, what is the true purpose of the criminal justice system and how might this purpose be realized (via the use of what methods)? Answer: […]

Advocates of the crime control model do not believe the overriding purpose of the justice system is to: a. protect the public b. deter criminal behavior c. incapacitate known criminals d. ensure individualized justice One of the most important findings […]

Differential association theory is able to explain why one youth who is exposed to delinquent definitions eventually succumbs to them, while another, living under the same conditions, is able to avoid criminal entanglements. Define enterprise crime and discuss the two […]

_____________________ is process in which the past of the labeled person is reviewed and reevaluated to fit his or her current status. The seductions of crime increase the likelihood of engaging in crime due to neither fearing legal punishment nor […]

The term terrorist first became popular during what event? a. The French Revolution b. The assassination of Julius Caesar c. The American Revolution d. War of 1812 Crime reduction efforts in one locale may reduce crime in another area. This […]

Prostitutes who barter drugs for sex are called: a. b-girls b. hookers c. circuit travelers d. skeezers The link between substance abuse and violence occurs in three different formats. Violent behavior that results from the conflict inherent in the drug […]

_______________ is found in youngsters whose personalities require them to seek immediate gratification, to consider their own needs more important than others, and to satisfy instinctive urges without considering right and wrong. a. Deferred delinquency b. Emergent delinquency c. Latent […]

Identify four findings of the most recent national survey conducted by the National White Collar Crime Center with concern to white-collar crime. The subarea of criminal statistics involves measuring the amount and trends of criminal activity. Answer: T Discuss the […]

_______________________ holds that street criminals prey on the poor and disenfranchised, thus making the poor doubly abused, first by the capitalist system and then by members of their own class. How does poverty impact children and minority groups? Answer: •Poverty […]

During the 1960s and 1970s, the crime control philosophy became a dominant force in America due to rising fear of crime and what other factor? a. the increasing numbers of inmates being released from prison early due to overcrowding b. […]

The __________ are more likely to be victims of frauds and scams. As the percentage of minorities in the population increases, so too does the amount of social control that police direct at minority group members. This is known as […]

Consider the relationship between patriarchy, powerlessness and crime. When lower-class males are shut out of the economic opportunity structure, they try to build their self-image through acts of machismo; such acts may involve: a. self-mutilation b. violent abuse of women […]

Official crime data indicate that minority group members are involved in a disproportionate share of criminal activity. Which of the following does not explain race-based differences in the crime rate? a. Social control efforts of the police and courts b. […]

_________________ serve as models or frameworks for understanding human behavior and the forces that shape its content and direction. a. Theories b. Social control mechanisms c. Research methods d. Corrections The Kansas City, Missouri police department’s study of patrol effectiveness, […]

It is difficult to prosecute and control Internet pornography because: a. federal legislation has been successfully challenged in the courts under the First Amendment b. as soon as one website is shutdown another emerges to fill the gap c. nearly […]

One of the primary goals of police work is to deter criminal behavior. However, the ________________ study found that variations in police patrol had little effect on the crime patterns in the study districts. __________________ is aimed at undermining the […]

The premise that traits and characteristics have become ingrained and some of these traits make people aggressive and predisposed to commit crime is part of which theory? a. neurophysiological theory b. psychodynamic theory c. evolutionary theory d. personality theory Deviant […]

The belief that males must separate their sexual feelings from needs for love, respect, and affection is called: a. hypermasculinity b. the brutalization process c. the virility mystique d. narcissistic personality disorder Poverty during early childhood may have a more […]

The unique value system that dominates life among the lower classes is known as: a. focal concerns b. middle-class measuring rods c. conduct norms d. reaction formation The wealth concentration effect in a worldwide phenomenon. In the United States, the […]

The ________________________ has jurisdiction over federal laws, such as espionage, sabotage, treason, civil rights violations, kidnapping, and interstate transportation of stolen vehicles and property Discouragement occurs when crime reduction programs may boomerang and increase rather than decrease the potentiality for […]