_____________________ is process in which the past of the labeled person is reviewed
and reevaluated to fit his or her current status.
The seductions of crime increase the likelihood of engaging in crime due to neither
fearing legal punishment nor losing respect of peers.
There are three major types of Internet securities fraud: market manipulation, fraudulent
offerings of securities, and _________________.
Prisoners have long suffered severe physical punishment in prison, ranging from
whipping to extended periods of solitary confinement. The courts have held that such
treatment is unconstitutional based on the ________ Amendment.
Criminal activity that typically involves groups that conspire to make illegal profits
through connections to business and commerce is _______________________.
Life course theories are integrated theories and assume that the seeds of a criminal
career are planted early in life and that early onset of deviance strongly predicts later
and more serious criminality.
Athens links violence to early experiences of child abuse and posits that to become
socialized into violence, one must complete the full cycle of the “violentization
process.” Identify and describe the four stages of violentization.
Individual exploitation of institutional power involves forcing victims to pay for
services to which they have a clear right.
In egalitarian families fathers assume the traditional role of breadwinners, while
mothers tend to have menial jobs or remain at home to supervise domestic matters.
The _____________ is empowered to negotiate a guilty plea with the defendant,
thereby ending the formal trial process. This is termed plea bargaining.
_________________ are a small group of offenders who begin their career at an early
age and then continue to offend well into adulthood. They are more likely to manifest
abnormal personal traits and display elements of problem behavior syndrome.
Restorative justice advocates support methods of punishment such as probation and
imprisonment.
Illegally using the Internet to gather information considered private and confidential,
whether by an estranged spouse or a foreign business competitor, is termed
__________.
The crime of treason is the practice of obtaining information about a government,
organization, or society that is considered secret or confidential without the permission
of the holder of the information.
Define cyber crime. Explain why it is such an important concern in today’s global
economy.
_________________is the concept that describes occasional property crimes occurring
when an opportunity is available.
Research findings indicate in some cases sugar intake has been found to possibly reduce
or curtail violent tendencies.
Family relationships are a major determinant of behavior. Identify and discuss the
various elements of family relations and how these elements influence criminality.
When parents, friends, teachers, and law enforcement officials amplify negative labels
via stigmatization a person may begin to re-evaluate their identity. This process is
referred to as the ___________________..
Discuss the relationship between criminal law and the U.S. Constitution.