Prostitutes who barter drugs for sex are called:
a. b-girls
b. hookers
c. circuit travelers
d. skeezers
The link between substance abuse and violence occurs in three different formats.
Violent behavior that results from the conflict inherent in the drug trade is known as:
a. the subculture of violence
b. psychopharmacological relationship
c. economic compulsive behavior
d. systemic link
Cashing forged checks because of a financial crisis that demands an immediate
resolution is known as:
a. shutting
b. heeling
c. closure
d. constructive possession
Gender differences exist among male and female burglars. Which statement is false?
a. Males work solo for the most part, while females often work with others.
b. Both male and female burglars claimed a good job that paid well with minimal
supervision would get them to give up their careers in crime.
c. Males become involved in burglary through male peers, and females are introduced
to crime through their family members.
d. Females are involved because of the need to by necessities for their children.
Which theory draws its inspiration from Quakerism and Zen?
a. peacemaking
b. left realism
c. postmodernism
d. globalization
Today, which is not an accurate statement regarding the top priorities of the Federal
Bureau of Investigation?
a. protecting the United States from terrorist attacks
b. protecting civil rights
c. combating white-collar crime
d. combating public corruption at the federal level
What is the most common form of spam?
a. e-mail
b. instant messaging
c. mobile phone messaging
d. Usenet newsgroups
Those unable to obtain desired goods and services through conventional means may
consequently resort to theft and other illegal activities. These activities are known as:
a. instrumental crimes
b. expressive crimes
c. index crimes
d. strict-liability crimes
Crimes less serious in nature and punished with a fine or a period of incarceration in a
jail are referred to as:
a. strict liability offenses
b. misdemeanors
c. felonies
d. wrongful offenses
Policy experts suggest that an effective way to deal with terrorism is to:
a. Increase military presence in countries known to harbor terrorists.
b. Undermine support for terrorism by being a benevolent nation-builder that gives aid
to nations housing terror groups.
c. Cut terrorist access to the internet and other forms of communications and message
dissemination.
d. Make greater use of military law to convict and sentence apprehended terrorists.
Statutory rape refers to sexual relations between an adult and a/an:
a. elderly woman
b. married woman
c. underage minor
d. nonconsenting adolescent
Which of the following is not a criticism of the general theory of crime?
a. The theory is tautological or involves circular reasoning.
b. It fails to address individual and ecological patterns in the crime rate.
c. It predicts there are no gender differences between self control and crime.
d. It assumes an individual’s criminal propensity does not change.
Hegel argued that for every idea, or thesis, there exists an opposing argument or:
a. antithesis
b. subthesis
c. hypothesis
d. synthesis
Income tax evasion is a type of client fraud. Simply not paying taxes, not reporting
income, or not paying taxes when due is a misdemeanor known as:
a. affirmative tax evasion
b. authoritative neglect
c. inert evasion
d. passive neglect
In contrast to occasional thieves, criminals who make a significant portion of their
income from crime are known as:
a. proficient offenders
b. professional criminals
c. specialized criminals
d. trained offenders
Referring to differential association theory, how does learning criminal behavior differ
from learning other behavior?
a. Learning criminal behavior is more of a peer group exercise.
b. Learning criminal behavior is a matter of imitation.
c. Learning criminal behavior is greater in frequency, intensity, priority, and duration.
d. There is no difference between learning criminal behavior and non-criminal behavior.
The Convention on Cybercrime is the first international treaty that addresses the
definition and enforcement of cyber crime. Which of the following is not inclusive of
the treaty?
a. It focuses on improving investigative techniques and increasing cooperation among
nations.
b. It includes a list of crimes that each signatory state must incorporate into their own
law.
c. It limits law enforcement agencies’ power by protecting Internet service providers
from having to monitor people’s online viewing habits.
d. It requires signatory states to cooperate whenever possible in the investigations and
prosecution of cyber criminals.
Rational choice theory is rooted in the ____________________ of criminology
developed by Cesare Beccaria.
Professional shoplifters who steal with the intention of reselling stolen merchandise to
pawnshops or fences are known as:
a. cannons or receivers
b. good burglars
c. heels or boosters
d. snitches
The procedural right that protects defendants from illegal searches and seizures is
called:
a. exclusionary rule
b. hands-off doctrine
c. probable cause
d. preliminary hearing
When firms divide a region into territories and each firm agrees not to compete in the
others’ territories, it is illegal and is called:
a. group boycott
b. tying arrangement
c. division of markets
d. price fixing
The subcultural view of substance abuse concentrates on _________ addiction.
a. early-onset
b. adult
c. lower-class
d. adolescent
What is known to be true regarding marital rape?
a. Many spousal rapes are accompanied by brutal, sadistic beatings.
b. When marital rapists are convicted, they are sanctioned more harshly than those
accused of nonmarital sexual assaults.
c. Today, only three states recognize marital rape as a crime.
d. Instances of marital rape tend to be isolated, one-time events.
The best known and most important source of official crime data is:
a. the Uniform Crime Report
b. the National Crime Victimization Survey
c. the Annual Self-Report Survey
d. the Monitoring the Future Study
Criminologists use ________ methods to study the nature, extent, cause, and control of
criminal behavior.
a. economic
b. scientific
c. sociological
d. psychological
The right to be protected from double jeopardy was made applicable to the states
through the Fourteenth Amendment in the case of:
a. Benton v. Maryland
b. Baldwin v. New York
c. Williams v. Florida
d. Maryland v. Craig
Which of the following factors is an indicator of a conservative, hard-line political
climate in the United States?
a. reducing the use of the death penalty
b. support for insanity defenses
c. prison overcrowding
d. upholding the exclusionary rule
Within subcultures of violence, it is considered appropriate for an individual who has
been offended by a negative outcome in a dispute to seek reparations through violent
means. This concept is termed:
a. brutalization process
b. thanatos
c. disputatiousness
d. malefic
Corporations can circumvent economic sanctions by:
a. declaring bankruptcy
b. moving their rule-violating activities overseas
c. merging with another corporation
d. devaluing their stock
Most nave check forgers come from ____ backgrounds and have little identification
with a criminal subculture.
a. lower-class
b. middle-class
c. upper-class
d. poverty-level
What statement is false with regard to ADHD?
a. ADHD is associated with bullying and lack of response to discipline.
b. Causes of ADHD include neurological damage and chemical imbalance.
c. ADHD has been linked to the desistance of a delinquent career.
d. Treatment for ADHD is not always effective.
In 1829, the first recognized police agency which was developed to keep the peace and
identify criminal suspects was:
a. New York Police Department
b. Boston Police Department
c. London Metropolitan Police
d. French National Police
Labeling theorists use a/an _______ definition of crime.
a. legal
b. perceived
c. interactionist
d. consensus
Smeulers and Haveman believe war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide and
other human rights violations merit more attention and have labeled the specialization
supranational criminology.
When an officer does not have probable cause to arrest but her or his suspicions are
legitimately aroused by the unusual or suspicious behavior of an individual, the officer
can:
A)request an arrest warrant
B)perform a stop and frisk
C)request immediate backup
D)conduct a search incident to an arrest
Criminal statistics and crime measurement involves devising valid and _______
measures designed to calculate the amount and trends of criminal activity.
Which of the following elements would have legally constituted burglary during the late
middle ages?
a)an occurrence during daylight hours
b)an occurrence by an invited guest
c)an occurrence during nighttime hours
d)an occurrence involving an item worth less than ten dollars
Due to the influence of victims’ rights advocates, every state now has a legal set of
victims rights in its codes of law. Identify four rights legally afforded victims within
these Victims’ Bills of Rights.
Official crime data indicate that minority group members are involved in a
disproportionate share of serious criminal activity.
As a group, _________________ can be defined as acts in violation of the criminal law
designed to bring financial reward to an offender.
Discuss four different goals achieved through the implementation of criminal law.
The owners of the means of production are the _____________________. .
As the only crime contained therein, the United States Constitution defines _________
as levying war against the United States or “adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid
and Comfort.”
The term ______________ is used to signify illegal acts that are designed to undermine
an existing government and threaten its survival.
The typical armed robber is unlikely to be a professional who carefully studies targets
while planning a crime.
Research indicates that poor parental discipline and monitoring seem to be keys to the
early onset of criminality and that these influences may follow kids into their
adulthood.
_______________ involves obtaining information illegally by covert means, or through
threat or payoff people who know the information and will divulge it.
A)Terrorism
B)Treason
C)Espionage
C)Insurgency
Aging-out is explained by latent trait theory in that one’s propensity to commit crime
remains stable over the life course, the opportunity to commit crime fluctuates over
time, and people only appear to age-out as they mature.
_______ refers to cyber offenders who illegally obtain software and then “rip” or
“crack” its copyright protection before posting it on the Internet for members of the
group to use.