Cultural Anthropology: The Human Challenge 14th Edition

Among bonobos, which of the following does not usually determine an individual's social rank? a. Strength and size of the animal b. Social rank of the mother c. Ability to express cooperative social behavior d. Number of surviving offspring e. Creation of effective social alliances Answer: D Answer: D Answer: D The ability of individuals or groups to impose

Describe what kinds of situations would be best for using formal versus informal interviewing. Answer:Will vary What is cultural relativism? Answer:Will vary Define syncretism, using as an example the Trobrianders' use of British cricket. Answer:Will vary What is the organizational hierarchy of descent groups? List each from the smallest to the largest and

Which of the following items is exchanged in the Trobriands during death rituals? a. Cotton skirts b. Banana leaf bundles c. Wheat sheaves d. Money e. Sweet potatoes mounds Answer: B Answer: B Answer: B Which of the following statements is correct? a. Subcultural groups always have separate religious affiliations. b. Ethnic groups live outside of national borders. c. Subcultural groups have

List and describe four different forms of marriage. Answer:Will vary What is task specialization, and how has it changed over the course of generations in your own family? Compare your generation with that of your parents' and grandparents." Answer:Will vary Describe an Inuit song duel. Answer:Will vary Edward Sapir is the first anthropologist

How are land and water resources allocated differently in a foraging versus an agricultural society? Answer:Will vary Explain the function of religion in society from an anthropological perspective. Answer:Will vary Societies that promote a great deal of upward and downward mobility are called open class societies. Answer: T Answer: T Answer: T Historical evidence supports the

Contrast endogamy and exogamy; give examples of each. Answer:Will vary Explain why the Native American and Euro-American views on intersexuality are so diametrically opposed. Answer:Will vary The Kula ring is a form of barter in which no actual trade takes place. Answer: F Answer: F Answer: F "Political organization" refers to the way power has evolved,

How do different societies create fictive kin? Discuss two examples. Answer:Will vary Compare and contrast the strengths and weaknesses of qualitative and quantitative methodology. Answer:Will vary What is mana, and how is it used religiously? Answer:Will vary Discuss the ethical dilemmas that anthropologists face, who they owe special obligations to, and how they

How has technology changed the biological basis for contrasting gender roles? Answer:Will vary Discuss the importance of modern telecommunication and illiteracy in our globalizing world. Answer:Will vary Describe how Bolivia's Qullasuyu movement conforms to the typology of revitalization movements. Answer:Will vary Discuss the trajectory of anatomical changes that developed in the primate order

The anthropologist has to consider obligations to three sets of people: a. the anthropologist's family, government, and people studied. b. the people who funded the study, the anthropologist's government, and the people who were studied. c. the profession of anthropology, other anthropologists who have studied the community, and the community studied. d. the anthropologist's

Among the Igbo of Nigeria, a. men and women each had separate, autonomous spheres of political activity. b. women were bought and sold as slaves. c. women were imprisoned in their homes and allowed out only on marketing days. d. men and women lived in separate villages. e. men had no political role in the

Some societies have more taboos than others. Answer: T Answer: T Answer: T Compare the relative contribution of males and females to the diet of food foragers. Answer:Will vary A doctrine is a type of scientific theory. Answer: F Answer: F Answer: F How can karma "change your sex"? Discuss the example of the Chan monastics. Answer:Will vary Leveling mechanisms

The gangs known as "Bloods" and "Crips" are examples of which of the following? a. Judicial associations b. Gendered associations c. Common-interest associations d. Age grades e. Age sets Answer: C Answer: C Answer: C The British introduced cricket to "civilize" the Trobriand Islanders. What happened? a. The Trobrianders were so upset at losing their traditional customs that they rebelled

Anthropologist _____ is a leading advocacy anthropologist today and a special rapporteur for the United Nations High Commission on Human Rights. a. Rodolfo Stavenhagen b. Clifford Geertz c. Stephen Lansang d. Gregory Bates e. Jonathan Marks Answer: A Answer: A Answer: A Which of the following is most likely to require cooperative hunting skills? a. Bow hunting b. Net hunting c. Spear

Clyde Snow is an anthropologist who a. studied the Zapotec of Mexico. b. went to Truk and studied drinking behavior. c. used forensic evidence to investigate "disappearances" in Argentina. d. advised the U.S. government about how to implement the New Deal. e. found out that a questionnaire administered to rural Peruvians wasn"t accurate in what

Your text describes a type of narrative found in many cultures in which a peasant father and his son, while traveling with their beast of burden, meet a number of people who criticize them. What is the motif? a. The "motif" refers to the psychological motives of the characters in a

Emerging technologies have ethical implications with impact on anthropological fieldwork. Answer: T Answer: T Answer: T Witchcraft accusations serve as a mechanism of social control. Answer: T Answer: T Answer: T According to the World Watch Institute in Washington, D.C., more than 1.1 billion people in the world are now overweight or even obese. Answer: T Answer: T Answer: T Using examples

People started shifting to food-producing ways of life about 10,000 years ago. Answer: T Answer: T Answer: T Applied anthropologist Paul Farmer is associated with all of the following except: a. he formed the medical group Partners in Health in Haiti. b. he established a clinic in Haiti to help deal with infectious disease. c. he focused

What are the three stages in a rite of passage, as defined by Van Gennep? Answer:Will vary The Jewish eruv is an example of how cultural groups maintain adherence to their separate cultural identities even within wider public spaces. Describe this phenomenon, and give an example of this in your own

Which period was marked with tool industries including long slim blades and an explosion of creative symbolic forms? a. Lower Archaic b. Contemporary Modern c. Lower Paleolithic d. Middle Paleolithic e. Upper Paleolithic Answer: E Answer: E Answer: E All of the following are associated with social impact assessments in the U.S. except: a. the purpose of the assessment is

Power that organizes and orchestrates the systemic interaction within and among societies is called a. symbolic power. b. structural power. c. hard power. d. soft power. e. structural violence. Answer: B Answer: B Answer: B The roots of linguistics, the modern scientific study of language, go back a long way to the works of ancient grammarians in _____, more

The Bushmen use many natural minerals and materials for their rock art. Which of the following is not a commonly used material? a. Bicarbonate b. Gypsum c. Ferric oxide d. Blood e. Silica Answer: A Answer: A Answer: A The position that because cultures are unique, each one can be evaluated only according to its own standards and values is

What is the importance of self-awareness? Answer:Will vary Amanda Stronza is involved in doing applied anthropology among the Trobriands, where she studies aspects of women's work and task specialization. Answer: F Answer: F Answer: F The Hawaiian form of kinship is the least complex. Answer: T Answer: T Answer: T The eruv is a Jewish communal space. Answer: T Answer: T Answer:

A type of rape has been observed among bonobos. Answer: F Answer: F Answer: F Discuss the role of culture in architecture. Answer:Will vary What is meant by a "global culture"? Answer:Will vary Because they are usually in more sociable positions, women tend to have more common-interest associations than men. Answer: F Answer: F Answer: F Lineages use endogamy as

Discuss the point of view that language mirrors or reflects, rather than determines, cultural reality. Provide examples to support that view. Answer:Will vary Distinguish between the entoptic phenomena and the iconic images of trance. Answer:Will vary Humans are programmed for language. Answer: T Answer: T Answer: T It takes many years of practice for people to

If two people are given the same kinship term, this means that a. they have the same genes. b. no one can tell the difference between them. c. they occupy a similar family status. d. they are identical twins. e. they are members of an adopted family. Answer: C Answer: C Answer: C Which of the following is not

Plows are a particular tool associated with agricultural societies. Answer: T Answer: T Answer: T What is social mobility, and what types of situations of it are most likely? Answer:Will vary Age sets are distinct from simple age grades. Answer: T Answer: T Answer: T Diffusion is typically forced onto cultures. Answer: F Answer: F Answer: F Discuss the advantages of qualitative and

Who was Ruth Benedict, and what contributions did she make to anthropology? Answer:Will vary Distinguish between hard and soft power, and provide examples of each. Answer:Will vary Because these events were sponsored alternately by different ethnic groups, the potlatch was a form of balanced reciprocity. Answer: F Answer: F Answer: F Instinctive repulsion does not explain institutionalized

What is the primary purpose of practicing applied anthropology? a. It provides case studies to determine the accuracy of new anthropological theories. b. It establishes new fieldsites where future anthropologists can work. c. It allows the use of anthropological knowledge to solve practical problems. d. It allows anthropologists to work with non-governmental agencies to

Most cultures are ethnocentric. Answer: T Answer: T Answer: T What is the difference between internal migration and external migration? Answer:Will vary What is linguistic nationalism? Should the United States encourage and support the use of minority languages within its borders? Alternatively, is making English the official language of the U.S. a good idea? Answer:Will vary

Matrilineal descent groups are associated with farming societies in which _____ performs most of the labor in the house and gardens. a. men b. women c. women's brothers d. children e. hired workers Answer: B Answer: B Answer: B Humans' major mode of adaptation, which enables them to live effectively in diverse environments, is a. education. b. culture. c. bureaucracy. d. religion. e. biology. Answer:

Tattoos communicate through all of the following except: a. manner of execution. b. verbal words. c. style. d. sign-to-meaning correspondence. e. color. Answer: B Answer: B Answer: B The widespread occurrence of shamanism and the remarkable similarities between shamanistic traditions wherever found are consequences of a. culture. b. universal neurological inheritance. c. similar ecclesiastical organization. d. diffusion. e. effects of hallucinatory drugs. Answer: B Answer: B Answer:

A society's economic base is part of the superstructure. Answer: F Answer: F Answer: F Alternative means of reproduction are forms of new reproductive technologies. Answer: T Answer: T Answer: T Cattle herding is the mainstay around which all of Kapauku Papuan society revolves. Answer: F Answer: F Answer: F Describe the adaptive value of hunting among chimpanzee and bonobo groups. Can

When two societies with different cultures come into prolonged, first-hand contact, and one or both of these societies experience major processes of change, it is called a. diffusion. b. acculturation. c. innovation. d. syncretism. e. juxtaposition. Answer: B Answer: B Answer: B Activities and possessions that are indicative of class are called a. class indications. b. symbolic indicators. c. symbolic classes. d. class

Among the Kapauku Papuans of New Guinea, the fact that an attempt to eliminate warfare (which would create a balanced sex ratio) would affect the practice of polygyny, which would affect the economy (since women raise pigs, and the more wives a man has, the more pigs he can keep),

How has technology affected the informal economy? Discuss the impact of Internet shopping sites such as eBay on the global marketplace. Answer:Will vary About 3% of all humans are intersexed. Answer: F Answer: F Answer: F What challenges are associated with industrial food production? Answer:Will vary It is common in many cultures for an individual to

An anthropologist would probably find it difficult to define what "progress" is. Answer: T Answer: T Answer: T Distinguish between externalized and internalized controls, giving examples of each. Answer:Will vary Multi-sited ethnography makes use of various interdisciplinary approaches to research and analysis. Answer: T Answer: T Answer: T Why do anthropologists study language? Answer:Will vary English is a tonal language. Answer:

The earliest known alphabet was Egyptian hieroglyphics about 5,000 years ago. Answer: T Answer: T Answer: T What is an informal economy? Provide examples. Answer:Will vary Explain the relationship between marriage and the economic exchange that may accompany marriage in some cultures. How do these arrangements affect the marriage itself? Answer:Will vary Distinguish among bride price,

The belief that one's own way of life is superior to others is called a. ethnocentrism. b. cultural relativism. c. egocentrism. d. kulturpride. e. ethnicity. Answer: A Answer: A Answer: A A contract in which a woman and man establish a continuing claim to the right of sexual access to one another and in which the woman involved becomes

Name four variables by which societies form social groups. Answer:Will vary Distinguish between priests and shamans. Answer:Will vary Describe the statistics behind the concept of modal personality. Answer:Will vary According to anthropological ethics, the first responsibility of the anthropologist is to the people studied. Answer: T Answer: T Answer: T All languages recognize a stable set of

Lakota is a language that uses gendered speech. Answer: T Answer: T Answer: T Over the past 500 years, about half of the world's 12,000 languages have become extinct. Answer: T Answer: T Answer: T How are cousins viewed as marriage partners cross-culturally? Answer:Will vary Passive bilingualism is when someone comprehends more than one language but is only able to

The most prevalent form of marriage worldwide is polygamy. Answer: F Answer: F Answer: F Explain the statement that people everywhere are ethnocentric in nature and practice. Answer:Will vary Discuss the biological basis for intersexuality. Answer:Will vary The Azande use a talking circle in order to detect who is accused of wrong-doing. Answer: F Answer: F Answer: F What are

Which cultural group has an age grade that has the eunoto ceremony to mark the passage from Warrior age grade to that of Junior adults, able to marry and start families? a. Tiriki b. Maasai c. Yakuza d. Zuni e. Ju/"hoansi Answer: B Answer: B Answer: B How does the perception of organ transplantation differ between the U.S. and

Genetic and biochemical studies confirm that the African apes are our closest living relatives. Answer: T Answer: T Answer: T What is a Native American view on intersexed individuals? Answer:Will vary All cultures practice gender bending (creating more than two gender categories) as a way of dealing with different types of sexual categories. Answer: F Answer: F Answer:

Discuss the role of ancestral spirits in the patrilineal society of traditional China. What aspects of this type of religious practice can you find in other societies? Can you make any associations with your own society? Answer:Will vary Most cultures are ethnocentric. In fact, the way that most societies name and

Why do cultures exist? Consider why humans have culture and why there is cultural diversity. Answer:Will vary Consider the three primary kinds of world migration that are current today. How might each of these result in different challenges for the human populations most affected? Answer:Will vary What is nonviolent resistance, and what

Explain and critique the theory of linguistic relativity. Answer:Will vary What is the effect of religion today on global capitalism? Answer:Will vary Name three consequences of globalization in the "underdeveloped" world. Answer:Will vary Homo habilis begins to show up in the fossil record around 2.5 million years before present. Answer: T Answer: T Answer: T How does

Eighty-four percent of the world's population identities itself as religious and/or spiritual. Why do you think this percentage is so high? Why is religion so important to people? Answer:Will vary Distinguish between the concepts of theory, hypothesis, and doctrine. Answer:Will vary Old age is a significant life stage in most societies. Discuss

Compadrazgo is a form of ritualized adoption. Answer: T Answer: T Answer: T Culture shock occurs when the anthropologist becomes personally disoriented and depressed while in the field. Answer: T Answer: T Answer: T What is the role of the individual in culture? Answer:Will vary Anthropologists say that "culture is learned and shared." What do they mean by

Describe the economic and noneconomic functions of the Kula ring. Answer:Will vary Explain the difference between a lineage and a clan, and how fission comes into play in the development of the two kinship structures. Answer:Will vary Hopi men spend their lives laboring for their wives' lineages, and in return, they are

What is the role of reconciliation among primates? Consider humans as part of your response. Answer:Will vary What is cultural evolution? Answer:Will vary During the most recent economic recession, remittances to non-Western countries have increased as migrants have left in search of work. Answer: F Answer: F Answer: F Distinguish between the terms "society" and "culture." Answer:Will