Power that organizes and orchestrates the systemic interaction within and among
societies is called
a. symbolic power.
b. structural power.
c. hard power.
d. soft power.
e. structural violence.
The roots of linguistics, the modern scientific study of language, go back a long way to
the works of ancient grammarians in _____, more than 2,000 years ago.
a. South Asia
b. Central Asia
c. North Africa
d. Australia
e. Scandinavia
The Kula ring is a form of _____ that reinforces trade relations among a group of
seafaring Melanesians inhabiting a ring of islands off the eastern coast of Papua New
Guinea.
a. negative reciprocity
b. balanced reciprocity
c. market exchange
d. silent trade
e. generalized reciprocity
Which anthropologist worked with the Aroostook band of Micmacs in Maine?
a. Alan Kolata
b. Clementine van Eck
c. Fred Plog
d. Weston LaBarre
e. Harald Prins
In cases of warfare in regions deemed strategically important or rich in natural
resources, what additional action is also most likely to occur today?
a. Universal sanctions on economic incentives
b. Political aggression from neighboring countries
c. Economic monopolies on lucrative market products
d. Rise of ethnic minorities
e. Foreign military intervention
All of the following statements about pluralistic societies are correct except:
a. these are societies in which two or more ethnic groups coexist within the same state.
b. together these societies comprise a nation.
c. pluralistic societies did not exist before about 5,000 years ago.
d. these societies have a more complex order than those states composed of a single
ethnic group.
e. ethnocentrism can be maladaptive within pluralistic societies.
Magic based on the assumption that things that are like each other somehow have a
connection with each other and if you do something to one, it will affect the other, is
called
a. scientific.
b. imitative.
c. contagious.
d. rebellious.
e. witchcraft.
Major changes in Skolt Lapp society occurred because
a. men switched from reindeer herding to other sources of income.
b. the number of reindeer declined because of climate change.
c. snowmobiles were introduced to herd reindeer.
d. society became hierarchical instead of egalitarian.
e. women began to go to the university and get jobs outside the home.
_____founded the Institute for Development Anthropology and has made pioneering
contributions to applied anthropology.
a. Eric Wolf
b. Michael Horowitz
c. Carol Jenkins
d. John Ury
e. Tim Ingold
Among the Ju/”hoansi,
a. children are expected to contribute to subsistence from the time they reach puberty
(around 14 or 15).
b. elderly people past the age of 60 are expected to contribute hunted or gathered food
to the group, as they are being taken care of by others now.
c. elderly people are a valuable source of knowledge and wisdom about hunting and
gathering and are consulted regularly.
d. elderly people are taken care of grudgingly because after the age of 60 they
contribute nothing to the group.
e. children are expected to set up their own separate households by the time they are 16.
Which term refers to the way power, or the ability to control others’ behavior, is
distributed or embedded in society?
a. Social structure
b. Political control
c. Political organization
d. Dictatorship
e. Power relations
The cultural definitions of what it means to be a male or female today
a. are determined by biological differences.
b. are independent of biological differences.
c. stem from biological differences that are less significant today.
d. developed about 60 million years ago when our species first emerged.
e. have no relationship to sex.
All of the following constitute a definition of religion except:
a. a means by which people deal with things beyond their control.
b. a group of associated ceremonial practices.
c. a system by which people interpret aspects of the universe.
d. a sacred narrative that explains our origin.
e. an organized system of ideas.
Agribusiness is associated with all of the following except:
a. reduction of labor costs.
b. driving down wages.
c. maximizing employee benefits.
d. maximizing profits.
e. expanding markets.
A positive side effect to restricting sexual behavior is that it may also limit
a. the number of children a woman can have.
b. the number of divorces in that culture.
c. the spread of sexually-transmitted diseases.
d. group marriages.
e. women marrying the wrong man.
To say that food-foraging societies are egalitarian means that
a. there are no status differences.
b. the only status differences are age and sex.
c. everyone is equal except women.
d. men are usually subordinate to women.
e. children are the center of community life and adults have no distinctions in status.
Which of the following services is not one that forensic anthropologists routinely are
called upon by the police and other authorities to identify?
a. Potential archaeological sites
b. The remains of murder victims
c. Missing persons
d. People who have died in disasters
e. Victims of genocide
Cultural anthropology is composed of which two scholarly components?
a. Ethnography and ethnohistory
b. Ethnography and ethnology
c. Ethnology and ethnohistory
d. Ethnohistory and ethnoarchaeology
e. Linguistics and ethnography
Regarding cousin marriage, which of the following statements is incorrect?
a. the U.S. is the only Western country that has laws against first-cousin marriage.
b. in the U.S., 19 states permit first-cousin marriage.
c. genetic research does not show that there is marked increase in inheritable weakness
for children of first cousins.
d. laws against first-cousin marriage in the U.S. were enacted the popularity of
evolutionary theories.
e. in the U.S., some states have no laws prohibiting marriage between relatives.
Mundurucu see the relations between the sexes as one of opposition and challenge. This
is based on
a. the high cost of bridewealth.
b. the power and dominance women hold in the political sphere.
c. their practice of polyandry.
d. their religious belief system.
e. their subsistence system.
What type of family is typically found among traditional horticultural, agricultural, and
pastoral societies around the world?
a. Nuclear
b. Extended
c. Matrilineal
d. Neolocal
e. Tributary
The one thing that all pluralistic states, past and present, irrespective of other
differences among them, share is a tendency
a. to grow beyond their capacity to maintain their society.
b. to fragment.
c. to stagnate.
d. toward the development of a dictatorship.
e. toward the development of a democracy.
You belong to a patrilineal descent group. Which of the following belong(s) to the same
group?
a. Your mother
b. Your father’s sister
c. Your mother’s sister
d. Your mother’s father
e. Your father’s sister’s children
Those who study the course of early human evolutionary history are called
a. archaeologists.
b. paleoanthropologists.
c. paleontologists.
d. evolutionary historians.
e. primatologists.
If a society has a taboo against eating pork and a member eats it mistakenly, what types
of rituals might the person undergo to fix the transgression?
a. Rites of purification
b. Rites of intensification
c. Rites of passage
d. Magical rituals
e. Rites of rebellion
All of the following are specific examples of Mousterian tools except:
a. atlatl.
b. burin.
c. Solutrean biface.
d. blade tools.
e. scrapers.
In studying three societies in New Guinea, Margaret Mead found that the roles played
by men and women were determined primarily by
a. biological inheritance.
b. culture.
c. animism.
d. psychology.
e. society.
In what country do we find aboriginal Maori people?
a. Argentina
b. Canada
c. Australia
d. Tasmania
e. New Zealand
Leveling mechanisms are
a. more common in hunter-gatherer societies than in horticultural societies.
b. associated with one family becoming wealthier than others.
c. found in communities where property is not allowed to threaten egalitarian social
order.
d. more common in industrial societies than in agricultural societies.
e. no longer in existence.
A typical Ju/”hoansi band requires about how many square miles of land?
a. 750
b. 500
c. 250
d. 100
e. 50
Who were the earliest bipeds, and what similarities did they have with our closest
known relatives, the apes?
Answer:Will vary
The Dutch people allow honor killings in order to respect minority cultures.
Compare and contrast the food-foraging society with that of the food-producing society.
Answer:Will vary
What are the three categories of supernatural beings?
Answer:Will vary
What is a motif? Explain this by giving an example.
Answer:Will vary
What is the role of symbolism in art?
Answer:Will vary
How have local economies been affected by global capitalism? Give some examples
from your own community.
Answer:Will vary
Consider each of the three major types of ritual, and give examples of how these are
practiced in the United States.
Answer:Will vary
Describe two different types of traditional telecommunication.
Answer:Will vary
The shaman has a relationship with the patient and the community.
Behavior that has been adaptive at one time may become maladaptive later.
Apply the “barrel model of culture” to your own culture.
Answer:Will vary
Swedish naturalist Carolus Linneaus worked with garden peas to determine the
principles of heredity.
Name the primary steps involved in ethnographic fieldwork.
Answer:Will vary
What types of challenges do anthropologists face in the field? Discuss and give
examples.
Answer:Will vary
Single-parent households make up about 10% of the households in the U.S.