Among the Kapauku Papuans of New Guinea, the fact that an attempt to eliminate
warfare (which would create a balanced sex ratio) would affect the practice of
polygyny, which would affect the economy (since women raise pigs, and the more
wives a man has, the more pigs he can keep), shows that culture is
a. materialistic.
b. relative.
c. pluralistic.
d. integrated.
e. enculturated.
A set of families that enjoy equal or nearly equal prestige according to a system of
evaluation is called a(n)
a. caste.
b. class.
c. age grade.
d. age set.
e. kindred.
An archaeologist has a research project involving the analysis of an old campsite of a
people who relied primarily on foraging for wild foods about 500,000 years ago. This
project would be considered
a. Arctic.
b. prehistoric.
c. futuristic.
d. historical.
e. culture-bound.
Native speakers of the Lakota language were amused when they saw the movie Dances
with Wolves because
a. the writers got it all wrong.
b. the language did not fit the people group.
c. the language was all male oriented.
d. the language was all female oriented.
e. the language was all spoken as if the actors were children.
A contract or formal agreement between two or more independent groups that are
self-governing is called a(n)
a. treaty.
b. pact.
c. truce.
d. settlement.
e. agreement.
Which strategy did the Jivaroan-speaking Shuar of Ecuador notuse to preserve their
culture?
a. They adopted Christianity
b. They turned large tracts of woodland into pasture for cattle
c. They organized a corporate body that held land in common
d. They required their schools to use the Shuar language
e. They sought legal title to their indigenous lands
Which of the following statements is correct?
a. A society is a union of multiple cultures.
b. Human survival depends on every individual being fit.
c. A correctly functioning culture has consistency across all of its parts, though not
necessarily harmony.
d. Unregulated self-gratification does not impact the society as a whole.
e. Although all individuals are not exactly the same, all are enculturated equally.
The Kula ring functions to do all of the following except:
a. distribute scarce resources over a broad ecological zone.
b. establish allies among potential enemies.
c. gain power through the ability to give and receive highly valued prestige items.
d. accumulate wealth in the hands of an upper-class elite.
e. foster a ritual of ceremonial exchange.
The cultivation of crops using hand tools such as digging sticks or hoes is a type of
farming called
a. agriculture.
b. slash-and-burn.
c. horticulture.
d. low-tech farming.
e. pastoralism.
In Western music, the distance between the basic tone and the first overtone is called
a(n)
a. tone.
b. pentatone.
c. octave.
d. scale.
e. pentatonic scale.
All of the following are characteristics of a band society except:
a. they have no need for formal conflict resolution.
b. decisions are made through consensus.
c. the head leader is in charge of disciplining members only during high levels of
conflict.
d. they have leaders, although the leaders have no formal authority.
e. they periodically break into smaller units.
“Buyer beware!” is the philosophy many North American business people use. What
type of reciprocal exchange does this philosophy imply?
a. Balanced
b. Negative
c. Generalized
d. Ambiguous
e. Deceptive
The gradual process of making beneficial adjustments to the environment is called
a. adjustment.
b. adaption.
c. adaptation.
d. acclimatization.
e. alteration.
Which musical system divides the octave into five nearly equidistant tones?
a. Octave
b. Pentatonic
c. Natural
d. Tonal
e. Formless
What does R.K. Williamson mean by the difference between the “blessed gift” and “the
curse”?
a. These are two different approaches to the formation of childhood personality
b. This is the Native American view of menstruation and childbirth
c. This is the responsibility to be a shaman upon reaching adulthood
d. These are two different cultural perspectives of intersexuality
e. They are two different perspectives of homosexual behavior
The U.S. system of paying income taxes every April is an example of
a. generalized reciprocity.
b. balanced reciprocity.
c. negative reciprocity.
d. redistribution.
e. market exchange.
Anthropologist Rosita Worl has been associated with each of the following except:
a. Board of Directors at Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of the American
Indian.
b. President of the Sealaska Heritage Institute.
c. founder of Alaska Native News.
d. faculty at University of Alaska Southeast.
e. author of Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act.
Marvin Harris argues that pork was not generally raised in the Middle East historically
because
a. it was considered sinful in all Middle Eastern religions.
b. some Middle Eastern societies owned all of the land and prevented pig-raising.
c. no ethnic group in the Middle East would eat pork.
d. pig-raising threatened the natural ecosystem.
e. pig-raising was economically inefficient in such a humid environment.
_____ is the cross-cultural study of humankind’s perception and use of space.
a. Kinesics
b. Phonetics
c. Proxemics
d. Syntax
e. Ethnology
For human development, which came first?
a. Bipedalism
b. Large brain
c. Color vision
d. Single births
e. Opposable thumbs
Belief in _____ is found in societies in which women make a major contribution to the
economy and are relatively equal to men in power and authority.
a. mana
b. gods
c. goddesses
d. fetishes
e. ancestral spirits
Which of the following sensory capacities is not typically associated with primates?
a. Development of binocular color vision
b. Development of an acute sense of touch
c. Development of sensitive finger pads
d. Development of broad, grasping claws
e. Reduction in the capacity to smell
Chantek was able to do all of the following except:
a. use deception.
b. create complex meanings.
c. communicate through verbal words.
d. use displaced reference.
e. use code switching.
There is a degree of task specialization in all societies. In the Danakil region of Eritrea,
the Afar men occasionally mine what mineral as a trade good?
a. Iron
b. Salt
c. Silver
d. Tin
e. Mercury
Which of the following is not goal of science?
a. To discover the universal principles that govern the workings of the visible world
b. To develop explanations of the world that are testable and correctable
c. To eliminate the need to use the imagination
d. To seek patterns in the data
e. To use an empirical approach
A “culture-bound” theory is
a. a prediction that is bound to be fulfilled in a particular culture.
b. a theory developed by a cultural anthropologist rather than a physical anthropologist.
c. a theory developed by a sociologist rather than a cultural anthropologist.
d. a theory based on assumptions common to a particular culture rather than deriving
from comparisons of many different cultures.
e. a theory based on comparison of cultures and not tied to a single cultural worldview.
The primary means of exchange or distributing goods in a chiefdom is
a. redistribution.
b. negative reciprocity.
c. generalized reciprocity.
d. balanced reciprocity.
e. tribute.
All of the following are research topics and work that anthropologist S. Ann Dunham
focused on while in Indonesia and Pakistan except:
a. interest in handicraft industry.
b. development of small rural businesses.
c. critique of modernization theory.
d. pastoral subsistence in the rural areas.
e. study of rural women in Indonesia.
Which theory of modern human origins relies mostly on the interpretation of genetic
evidence, fossils, and cultural remains?
a. Recent African origins hypothesis
b. Multiregional hypothesis
c. Diffusion theory
d. African early migrations hypothesis
e. Circumscription theory
Enculturation begins with the development of self-awareness, which may be defined as
a. the ability to assume social roles.
b. the ability to identify oneself as an object, to react and appraise oneself.
c. the process by which the self adapts to a particular environment.
d. the process by which an individual identifies right and wrong.
e. the belief that one has lived a previous life.
New reproductive technologies are
a. dangerous, as they involve cloning.
b. the preferred form of reproduction in the United States.
c. not accepted in the United States.
d. less important today than 20 years ago.
e. changing the traditional understandings of kinship.
Xenophobia tends to occur during very specific situations. Which of the following is
least likely to cause xenophobia?
a. Scarcity of resources
b. Unemployment
c. Prosperity
d. Social insecurity
e. Rising inflation
You are a member of a Ju/”hoansi hunter-gatherer band. Which of the following
statements demonstrates that you belong to an egalitarian society as opposed to a
stratified society?
a. Your father is a poor hunter, and your family is not allowed to make political
decisions for the group.
b. You are a poor hunter so you must supplement your income by working as a day
laborer in nearby cities.
c. Even though you are a poor hunter, you have as much right to receive food from your
fellow band members as a good hunter does.
d. Because your father is a poor hunter, your hunting ability is not allowed to develop;
you are not given access to the knowledge and training required to develop this ability.
e. You are rewarded lavishly for being the best hunter in the group.
What interesting cultural substitution is in the Marcos Zapata painting of The Last
Supper (ca. 1710-1773)?
a. Instead of wine, the disciples are drinking beer
b. The men are dressed in ponchos and wearing Andean hats
c. Instead of sitting at a table, they are eating on the floor
d. Instead of eating sheep, they are eating guinea pig
e. Jesus is an Andean woman instead of a Jewish man
Discuss the effects of commercial industry on the individual in society. Consider
examples such as that of the beauty industry.
Answer:Will vary
Culture-bound syndrome is another name for an ethnic psychosis.
Cargo cults occur primarily during moments of high social stress.
What are the primary contributions that Svante Pbo has made to our understanding of
humans?
Answer:Will vary
To say differing sex roles among food foragers are compatible with the biological
differences between men and women supports the assertion that they are biologically
determined.
Matrilocal residence is when the couple lives with the husband’s mother.
Arboreal primates have an acute sense of touch.
All human societies have some division of labor along gender lines.
Why is telecommunication important in our world today?
Answer:Will vary
Give an illustration of the social function of music.
Answer:Will vary
In what ways does India’s caste system resemble the South African system of apartheid?
Answer:Will vary
No discussion of culture and personality would be complete without considering
national character studies. What are national character studies? Describe why and how
they came about. Discuss their shortcomings.
Answer:Will vary
A culture must strike a balance between the needs and desires of the individual and
those of society as a whole.
An example of tribal leadership is the concept of the “Big Man.”
Describe two aspects of chimpanzee and bonobo behavior.
Answer:Will vary