Discuss the role of ancestral spirits in the patrilineal society of traditional China. What
aspects of this type of religious practice can you find in other societies? Can you make
any associations with your own society?
Answer:Will vary
Most cultures are ethnocentric. In fact, the way that most societies name and refer to
themselves is typically a word that translates into
a. funny talkers.
b. the only adults.
c. true gods.
d. all people.
e. true human beings.
The development of a bureaucracy, expansion of educational opportunities, reduction in
the spheres of social behavior in which religion and kinship play a role, and
achievement replacing ascription as the basis for defining roles are all associated with
a. modernization.
b. revitalization.
c. acculturation.
d. revolution.
e. syncretism.
Which orientation includes standards that indicate what ranges of behavior are
acceptable for males and females in a particular society?
a. Spatial orientation
b. Temporal orientation
c. Normative orientation
d. Object orientation
e. Gender orientation
A sound, emblem, or other sign that is arbitrarily linked to something else and
represents it in a meaningful way is called a(n)
a. myth.
b. symbol.
c. omen.
d. subculture.
e. ethnic group.
Once two Inuit individuals are involved in a dispute and become peaceful by engaging
in a singing contest, the affair is considered
a. open to negotiation by both individual’s families.
b. open to negotiation by the individuals involved.
c. closed and resolved.
d. closed to legal repercussions.
e. delayed until further notice.
Something used to make payments for other goods and services as well as to measure
their value is called
a. money.
b. credit.
c. prestige.
d. barter.
e. silent trade.
All of the following are associated with evolution except:
a. it occurs at the level of a population or group.
b. it refers to changes that occur over time.
c. it involves genes as the basic units of heredity.
d. it involves stable forces that contribute to change.
e. it also can function through adaptation.
The concept that by obligation wealthier members of the community give to less
wealthy members so that no one accumulates more wealth than anyone else is called
a. conspicuous consumption.
b. generalized reciprocity.
c. a leveling mechanism.
d. silent trade.
e. negative reciprocity.
As a way of revitalizing Arapaho, Professor Greymorning did all of the following
except:
a. developed an Arapaho-only university.
b. translated a new dictionary of Arapaho.
c. translated the Disney film Bambi into Arapaho.
d. developed a new methodology of language acquisition.
e. modeled teaching Arapaho through new methodology.
An explanation of misfortune based on the belief that certain individuals possess an
innate, psychic power capable of causing harm, including sickness and death, is called
a. sorcery.
b. witchcraft.
c. imitative magic.
d. contagious magic.
e. rites of intensification.
The narratives that make up the verbal arts include all of the following except:
a. paintings.
b. legends.
c. myths.
d. tales.
e. epics.
Semi-historical narratives that account for the deeds of heroes, the movements of
peoples, and the establishment of local customs are called
a. myths.
b. legends.
c. epics.
d. tales.
e. dramas.
Most of the alphabets in use today descended from the
a. Egyptians.
b. Greeks.
c. Phoenicians.
d. Romans.
e. Anglo Saxons.
In the U.S., any project requiring a federal permit or license, or using federal funds, by
law must be preceded by a(n)
a. needs assessment.
b. archaeological assessment.
c. cultural assessment.
d. assessment of feasibility.
e. social impact statement.
Which of the following statements about the Bakhtiari khans is not correct?
a. They are tribal leaders within this pastoral group.
b. They give away all of their possessions to gain prominence.
c. They spend most of lives in the mountains.
d. Many of them are well educated.
e. Some are elected and some inherit their positions.
All of the following were differences between Bronislaw Malinowski’s original field
research in the Trobriands and that of Annette Weiner some 60 years later except:
a. differences in field methodology.
b. differences in theoretical interests.
c. differences in researchers’ disciplines.
d. changes over time.
e. differences in researchers’ genders.
Weavings, etchings, rock carvings, and tattoos are all classified as which kind of art?
a. Visual
b. Verbal
c. Musical
d. Performative
e. Transformative
Tribal societies use all of the following types of political integration mechanisms
except:
a. age sets.
b. clans.
c. common-interest associations.
d. age grades.
e. diverse ethnic groups.
Which of the following is not an element associated with the barrel model of culture?
a. Interstructure
b. Social structure
c. Infrastructure
d. Superstructure
e. Environment
One of the consequences of the development of global culture has been
a. the disappearance of differences between people.
b. reduction in the possibility of war.
c. a resurgence of separatist movements.
d. the replacement of traditional cultures by more adaptive, modern cultures.
e. reduction in the number of anthropologists.
Individuals who live and work far from their original homelands form part of a growing
population that is classified as
a. international.
b. multinational.
c. migratory.
d. emigratory.
e. diasporic.
According to the North American anthropologist Ralph Linton, about 90% of any
culture’s content comes from
a. primary innovation.
b. diffusion.
c. invention.
d. syncretism.
e. revolution.
The development of different languages from a single ancestral language is called
a. descriptive linguistics.
b. historical linguistics.
c. language subgroups.
d. linguistic divergence.
e. linguistic nationalism.
The current world population is around how many billion?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 7
d. 10
e. 12
Bilateral descent is commonly found among all of the following except:
a. postindustrial societies.
b. agricultural societies.
c. tribal societies.
d. industrial societies.
e. foraging societies.
From an economist’s point of view, “market exchange” is defined by
a. the purchase of goods in a marketplace.
b. the buying and selling of goods and services whose value is determined by supply
and demand.
c. the role of middlemen who bring buyers and sellers together.
d. face-to-face bargaining for goods and/or services.
e. the role of large multinational corporations, using a formal stock exchange.
The most widely known act of genocide in recent history was the attempt of the Nazis
during World War II to kill
a. European Jews and Roma.
b. European Jews and Israelites.
c. Gypsies.
d. Polish people.
e. Jews and Gentiles.
In the Biocultural Connection box Maori Origins, what was the focus of the research on
the Maori people?
a. Studying migration patterns of the first peoples to inhabit North America
b. Creating lineage divisions based on DNA samples
c. Connecting mitochondrial DNA with the Australian aborigines
d. Connecting DNA types with the people’s origin myths
e. Sequencing DNA in order to type for potential diseases in this ethnic group
More than 30 diseases new to human medicine have emerged in the past three decades.
Researchers like Carol Jenkins, who worked in Papua New Guinea, believe that many
of these emerged as a result of environmental destruction. Which of the following is not
one of these “new” diseases?
a. Tuberculosis
b. Legionnaire’s disease
c. Lyme disease
d. HIV/AIDS
e. Dengue fever
Anthropologist S. Ann Dunham was the mother of which U.S. president?
a. George Bush
b. Barack Obama
c. Ronald Reagan
d. Dwight Eisenhower
e. Bill Clinton
The period of time that a groom spends in service to the bride’s family as a form of
economic exchange for marriage is called
a. a leveling mechanism.
b. marriage transaction.
c. bride service.
d. bride wealth.
e. dowry.
What principle of evolution is best illustrated in the example of the changes that
occurred to the Cheyenne when they moved out onto the Great Plains from the Great
Lakes region?
a. They gave up a hunting and gathering lifestyle in order to begin producing food
b. They gave up growing crops in order to pursue hunting and gathering
c. They became settled and developed a very complex form of political organization
d. They left subsistence farming, began to work for the railroad companies, and become
dependent on industrial society
e. They left behind their culture to converge into that of the dominant U.S. society
How did the introduction of money change the marketplace?
Answer:Will vary
The Western ideal that an individual should be free to marry whomever he or she
chooses is not universally embraced.
Pilgrimage is an important part of many religious traditions. Why do you think
pilgrimage is used as a fundamental way to practice religion?
Answer:Will vary
What is a eunuch, and what social roles have they played in human societies?
Answer:Will vary
To some extent, in literate societies, the function of legends has been taken over by
history.
The world is clearly moving toward a single global culture.
What is the importance of a descent group?
Answer:Will vary
Scientific theories are open to future challenges.
All broad-chested individuals are adapted to the low oxygen levels of high altitude.
Discuss why applied anthropology arose as a subdiscipline of anthropology.
Answer:Will vary
Why do some cultures have shamans? How does one become a shaman? How can the
widespread occurrence of shamanism be explained?
Answer:Will vary
Religion and spirituality are the same thing to anthropologists.
How does a society’s worldview shape its experience of reality?
Answer:Will vary
Names are a form of social identity.
How does a culture itself induce certain kinds of psychological conflicts that have
important consequences for the entire society?
Answer:Will vary