Among the Igbo of Nigeria,
a. men and women each had separate, autonomous spheres of political activity.
b. women were bought and sold as slaves.
c. women were imprisoned in their homes and allowed out only on marketing days.
d. men and women lived in separate villages.
e. men had no political role in the village, which was controlled and ruled by women.
What was the primary purpose of advocacy anthropology among the Micmac?
a. To help the Micmac find jobs and get off welfare
b. To help with community relations after a series of honor killings
c. To help improve health conditions among the people
d. To help them expand their land-holdings for resource exploitation
e. To help them obtain official tribal recognition
The American anthropologist Edward Sapir and his student, Benjamin Whorf, drawing
on his experience with the language of the Hopi Indians, developed a full-fledged
theory now known as the theory of
a. cultural relativity.
b. linguistic relativity.
c. code switching.
d. linguistic nationalism.
e. phenomenology.
When Spanish invaded Mexico and Guatemala, they adopted the local practice of using
money. What item represented money in this area?
a. Coca leaves
b. Cacao
c. Feathers
d. Salt
e. Silver
The “modern evolutionary synthesis” is
a. a form of population genetics that argues that evolution is gradual, based on
environmental adaptation and small genetic changes over generations.
b. a form of evolution that describes change as particular and
environmentally-dependent, sometimes gradual and sometimes in a succession of quick
changes.
c. a more contemporary Darwinian approach that sees evolution as both a macro-level
change of species and also a micro level of groups changes over time.
d. a specialty in evolutionary studies that focuses on heredity over time, based on
divisions of species into two or three different biological groups.
e. a combination of paleoanthropological approaches and perspectives and also those of
primatologists as a way of understanding the unique position of the human species.
Deceased ancestors have no importance in the patrilineal society of traditional China.
Which of the following statements about Easter Island and the Rapanui is not correct?
a. The Rapanui first settled the island about 800 years ago.
b. When the Rapanui arrived, 75% of the land was densely forested.
c. The Rapanui raised pigs and also fished for subsistence.
d. A large rat population on the island contributed to the ultimate destruction of the
Rapanui.
e. When the Dutch arrived to the Island in 1722, there were no more than 3,000
Rapanui remaining.
The people to whom you are related by marriage are considered what type of kinship?
a. Patrilineal
b. Matrilineal
c. Fictive
d. Affinal
e. Consanguineal
A full-time religious specialist formally recognized for his or her role in guiding the
religious practices of others is called a(n)
a. shaman.
b. priest or priestess.
c. pastor.
d. spiritual guide.
e. preacher.
What is the purpose of the eruv?
a. It marks a spatial domain as private and enclosed
b. It marks a spatial domain as public and open access
c. It is a temple where Jews can worship
d. It is a marketplace where only kosher products are sold
e. None of these
All of the following statements about sexual behavior among the Trobrianders is correct
except:
a. when the couple is ready to be married, they appear outside the woman’s household.
b. by their mid-teens, young people begin having longer-term affairs that lead to
marriage.
c. young people traditionally have a great deal of sexual freedom.
d. by the age of 7 or 8, they begin playing erotic games and imitating adults.
e. by the early teens, they begin pursuing sexual partners.
A set of cultural ideas held by a group that collectively and publicly identifies itself as
distinct based on shared features is called
a. tradition.
b. custom.
c. subculture.
d. culture.
e. ethnicity.
Which of the following statements about diffusion is incorrect?
a. Usually, cultures borrow selections that are most compatible with their existing
culture.
b. The extent of cultural borrowing varies enormously.
c. Diffusion occurs consistently over time.
d. Cultures often adapt borrowed elements.
e. Cultures may undergo rapid change as a result of diffusion.
Associations resulting from an act of joining because of similar activities and interests
are called
a. common-hobby association.
b. common-interest association.
c. age-grade association.
d. voluntary regional association.
e. voluntary activity association.
Members of a moiety
a. belong to one of two major descent groups in a society.
b. are those who are divorced (they lack their “better half”).
c. are usually able to trace their exact genealogical links to their common ancestor.
d. feel a much stronger feeling of kinship than is felt by members of a lineage or clan.
e. belong to a group that is smaller than a lineage.
Discuss the role of traditional healers in the fight against HIV/AIDS in Africa.
Answer:Will vary
An example of group marriage would be
a. a pastoral nomad’s wife sharing her husband with another woman.
b. members of the Unification Church having a large wedding ceremony at which 500
couples are married at the same time.
c. a prosperous member of the Kapauku able to afford a bride price for four wives.
d. traditional spouse exchange among the Inupiat Eskimo where adult members have
sexual access to each other.
e. a Nayar household in which a woman takes several lovers.
Dependence training is most often found associated with which type of society?
a. Horticultural and pastoral societies
b. Foraging and subsistence societies
c. Industrial societies
d. Chiefdom societies
e. Class-stratified societies
The change from subsistence farming to cash crops
a. enables farmers to enlarge their holdings and feed their families more effectively.
b. results in the relocation of subsistence farmers to urban areas or to lands ecologically
unfit for farming.
c. leads to the decline of multinational corporations.
d. supports cultural pluralism.
e. leads to revitalization.
Mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome studies of the Maori indicate that their creation
myth telling of their origins from the ancient place of Hawaiki is consistent with an
origin in
a. India and Central Asia.
b. Morocco and northern Africa.
c. Polynesia and Southeast Asia region.
d. Australia.
e. North America.
A culturally prescribed avoidance is a(n)
a. prohibition.
b. taboo.
c. avoidance.
d. mana.
e. ritual law.
In their search for cheap labor, global corporations have tended to favor _____ for
low-skilled assembly jobs.
a. immigrants
b. women
c. men
d. robots
e. children
Zulu healers have addressed the AIDS epidemic by all of the following except:
a. providing standard healthcare, regardless of the patient’s cultural background.
b. providing mental healthcare as well as physical care.
c. providing referrals to local clinics and hospitals.
d. providing refuge to those who are ostracized from their families because of the
disease.
e. providing their homes to be used as orphanages.
Cultures respond to motions and actions within and around them because they are
a. symbolic.
b. functional.
c. ethnocentric.
d. dynamic.
e. integrated.
Today, food-foraging societies
a. are found only in the world’s most marginal areas.
b. make up the majority of the world’s population.
c. have not existed for 1,000 years.
d. have their pick of the best environments.
e. represent a primitive, undeveloped way of life.
All of the following are recognized age grades among the Tiriki of East Africa except:
a. Ritual Elders.
b. Wise Elders.
c. Elder Warriors.
d. Judicial Elders.
e. Warriors.
Culture is an integrated and interrelated whole, which means that
a. people of all different races get along well together.
b. subcultural variations can be tolerated and are of great benefit to a state.
c. if you alter one aspect of a culture, you can drastically affect and possibly even
endanger the functioning of the whole.
d. primitive people live in harmony and do not require contact with other cultures, nor
do they undergo internal change.
e. society maintains a fragile balance that can be destroyed by any contact with an
outside influence.
Professor Greymorning worked on the Wind River Reservation in Wyoming to help
revitalize which Native American language?
a. Nez Perce
b. Blackfoot
c. Arapaho
d. Zuni
e. Assiniboine
Someone who uses irrigation, fertilizers, and the plow to produce food on large plots of
land is known as a/an
a. horticulturalist.
b. agriculturalist.
c. pastoralist.
d. forager.
e. industrialist.
Which of the following is not a factor in determining what caste one is assigned in the
Indian caste system?
a. Occupation
b. Food habits
c. Wealth
d. Dress
e. Ideas of purity and pollution
Chiromancy is divination based on the “reading” of
a. palms.
b. shoulder blades.
c. tea leaves.
d. pebbles.
e. smoke patterns.
All of the following are functions of art except:
a. art is a tremendous asset for the few societies that have it.
b. art can be used to change people’s perceptions.
c. art is employed to express political themes.
d. art displays social status and spiritual identity.
e. art offers insights into a culture’s worldview.
Which of the statements about hunting behavior among chimpanzees is not correct?
a. Chimpanzee males and females are involved in hunting prey
b. Chimpanzee hunting frequently involves teamwork among individuals
c. Chimpanzees hunt in the evenings when their acute eyesight is at its best
d. Chimpanzee hunting is done for social and sexual reasons, as well as dietary
e. Chimpanzee males often share meat with females after copulation
All of the following are powerful forces that drive globalization except:
a. increased trade between countries.
b. cost differences between countries.
c. financial autonomy between countries.
d. faster knowledge transfers.
e. technological innovations.
North Americans assume that they are related equally to the relatives on both the
mother’s and father’s side. The group composed of such people to whom these
individuals feel that they belong is called what kind of descent group?
a. Ambilineal
b. Double
c. Bilateral
d. Patrilineal
e. Matrilineal
The Nayar family consists only of affinal relatives.
Discuss the impact of modern technology on labor divisions based on gender.
Answer:Will vary
Distinguish between a revolution and a rebellion or insurgency.
Answer:Will vary
What are anthropologists’ primary ethical responsibilities in fieldwork?
Answer:Will vary
In the United States, numerous examples exist of marginalized social and ethnic groups
attempting to gain a larger audience and more compassion for their plight through song.
Perhaps no better example exists than African Americans, who were brought to the New
World as slaves. Discuss the influence their experience has had on this country’s music.
Answer:Will vary
What are the various results that can occur with acculturation?
Answer:Will vary
What is the significance of kinship terminology, focusing in particular on structuring of
societies?
Answer:Will vary
The Tiriki have a eunoto ceremony in which young girls are initiated into womanhood.
To which three groups are anthropologists primarily responsible ethically?
Answer:Will vary
Name three forces that contribute to the expansion of globalization.
Answer:Will vary
Although they are distinct along various lines, many anthropologists argue that the band
functions quite similarly to a nuclear family. Do you agree with this? Why or why not?
Cite examples to support your opinion.
Answer:Will vary
Describe how the culture of the Kapauku is integrated.
Answer:Will vary
What is the origin of the alphabet?
Answer:Will vary
Why do you think religion is so often part of legitimate political authority?
Answer:Will vary
What are the five subprocesses of modernization, according to your textbook? Name
and describe each.
Answer:Will vary
Explain the gesture-call system, including body language and paralanguage.
Answer:Will vary