Among bonobos, which of the following does not usually determine an individual’s
social rank?
a. Strength and size of the animal
b. Social rank of the mother
c. Ability to express cooperative social behavior
d. Number of surviving offspring
e. Creation of effective social alliances
The ability of individuals or groups to impose their will upon others and make them do
things even against their own will is called
a. power.
b. force.
c. coercion.
d. legitimacy.
e. authority.
The hallmark of ethnographic fieldwork is
a. participant observation.
b. formal interviews.
c. fieldnotes.
d. applied anthropology.
e. holism.
Which of the following statements about revitalization movements is incorrect?
a. The purpose of revitalization movements is to reform society.
b. Revitalization movements always fail because they require too much change to be
tolerated.
c. All known major religions, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, began as
revitalization movements.
d. Revitalization movements may be completely unrealistic.
e. Revitalization movements may be adaptive and give rise to long-lasting religions.
What do we call a system in which goods are produced, distributed, and consumed?
a. Economic
b. Political
c. Religious
d. Kinship
e. Industrial
All of the following statements except one correctly describe food-foraging societies.
Which is it?
a. They are egalitarian.
b. They are small nomadic groups living within a fixed territory.
c. They are primitive because they did not progress to a higher level.
d. They are not very aggressive or warlike.
e. They live in marginal areas of the world today.
In which paleoanthropological site do we find the largest single group of ancient Homo
fossils (approximately 30 individuals)?
a. Cueva de las Manos
b. Sima de los Huesos
c. Atapuerca
d. Laetoli
e. Olduvai Gorge
A network of relatives within which individuals possess certain mutual rights and
obligations is called
a. kinship.
b. descent.
c. relative network.
d. social network.
e. affinal relationships.
If you are a member of a patrilineal descent group,
a. descent is traced exclusively through females.
b. your sisters belong to the same patrilineal descent group that you do.
c. your mother’s brothers are members of your descent group.
d. your brothers belong to the same descent group but your sisters do not.
e. you do not publicly recognize your mother.
An organized armed resistance or violent uprising to an established government or
authority is called a(n)
a. coup.
b. revolution.
c. insurgency.
d. mutiny.
e. insurrection.
Which of the following anthropologists argued that cultures are collective projections of
a personality type?
a. Franz Boas
b. John Locke
c. Ruth Benedict
d. Margaret Mead
e. Clifford Geertz
What is a remittance?
a. A type of farm work visa that is issued only seasonally and cannot be renewed
b. A form of transportation that the employee sends to bring workers to the U.S.
c. A portion of earnings that is sent back to families in another location
d. A percentage of earnings that is paid to the local job recruiter
e. A type of salary that is higher than minimum wage and paid as an enticement too
workers (a kind of monetary advance)
A society composed of several groups that differ in their access to resources and
prestige is said to be
a. stratified.
b. unstratified.
c. egalitarian.
d. open.
e. accessible.
Ethical responsibilities for anthropologists include all of the following except:
a. communicate the impact of the research to those who are providing information.
b. represent the interests of the anthropologist and protect the researcher.
c. make sure the research does not harm the privacy of the people with whom they
work.
d. obtain informed consent from those who participate in the research.
e. remain constantly vigilant and alert for potentially emerging problems.
Which of the following would invoke informal sanctions against an individual in a
restaurant in the United States?
a. Tearing up tables and chairs
b. Fighting
c. Threatening customers
d. Stealing food
e. Going barefoot
Among the indigenous Canela, William Crocker was
a. adopted into networks of kinship at his field site.
b. awarded the honor of outstanding fieldworker.
c. considered master fieldworker by quantitative researchers.
d. a pioneer in the development of field photography.
e. threatened with illnesses and contracted malaria.
Polygyny
a. means marriage to more than one man.
b. is the most common form of marriage.
c. is possible only when a man is fairly wealthy.
d. is less common than polyandry.
e. is an example of group marriage.
The development of similar cultural adaptations to similar environmental conditions by
people whose ancestral cultures were already rather alike is called
a. convergent evolution.
b. parallel evolution.
c. constant evolution.
d. adaptation.
e. diffusion.
The designation of various life stages for an individual is the basis for
a. formation of social groups.
b. instruction of life skills.
c. economic assistance.
d. challenging religious ideology.
e. creation of social identity.
The deliberate use of basic ideas in some practical application, such as making use of
the knowledge of how electricity works to develop the telephone, is called a(n)
a. diffusion principle.
b. primary innovation.
c. modernization.
d. integrative mechanism.
e. secondary innovation.
The process organisms undergo to achieve a beneficial adjustment to a particular
environment, which not only leads to biological changes in the organisms but also
impacts their environment, is called
a. accommodation.
b. acculturation.
c. adaptation.
d. assimilation.
e. incorporation.
Based on primatological studies, what does Richard Wrangham conclude about human
violence and sexual selection?
a. Males are better at diplomacy than females
b. Sexual selection has no effect on biological differences
c. There are no differences between males and females
d. Females’ evolutionary interests cannot be met without cooperation from males
e. Females are far more aggressive than males
From his work with Conibo shamans, Michael Harner argues that
a. anthropologists have seriously underestimated the significance of the shamanistic
experience on Amazonian Indian ideologies and practices.
b. anthropology understands shamanism quite well and has been able to contribute to its
preservation worldwide.
c. the hallucinogenic drugs that the Conibo shamans use are extremely powerful and
should not be generally available to the uninitiated.
d. shamanism should be used in daily American life because it would alleviate most of
the psychosomatic illnesses that currently affect Americans.
e. we need urgent worldwide action to save the shamans because they are being targeted
by poor economic policies globally.
Which of the following statements about society and culture is incorrect?
a. Culture can exist without a society.
b. Every culture is learned, shared, based on symbols, integrated, and dynamic.
c. All culture is learned rather than biologically inherited.
d. A culture is shared by the members of a society.
e. Although members of a society may share a culture, their behavior is not uniform.
All of the following are long-term challenges associated with high-yield marginal
farmlands in the U.S. except:
a. loss of topsoil.
b. high cost of fossil fuel.
c. decreasing salinity of soil.
d. silting of irrigation works.
e. high cost of fresh water.
Ideologically inspired violation of a sacred site on people believed to have evil beliefs
is called
a. solicitation.
b. desecration.
c. avoidance.
d. destruction.
e. restitution.
Infrastructure can be best described as a society’s
a. subsistence system.
b. religious system.
c. political system.
d. domestic activities and daily life.
e. kinship system.
Why are informal interviews central to ethnographic fieldwork?
a. They provide a fixed structure that allows the researcher to quantify the data
collection
b. They are conversations between friends and allow the anthropologist access to
information that is confidential
c. They are part-time ways of gathering data that allow the anthropologist time to do
other work while working in the field
d. They are casual exchanges in which the anthropologists can gain insight into the
things that matter most to the cultural group
e. They are pieces of a larger conversation and allow anthropologists to work in a team
with each person contributing to the conversation
What is the “Neanderthal controversy”?
a. An argument about whether the Neanderthal are related more to Homo erectus or
Homo habilis
b. An argument about the genetic relationship between Neanderthal and anatomically
modern humans
c. A misunderstanding between a European perspective of evolution and that of African
scholars
d. A disagreement among scholars about which species developed first
e. The inability to understand the genetic and molecular evidence that makes up
Neanderthals
The tonowi of the Kapauku of New Guinea acquires political power by all of the
following except:
a. being generous.
b. being coercive.
c. being a good talker.
d. being wealthy.
e. being a male.
Edward Hall designated four categories of proxemically relevant spaces. Which of the
following is incorrect?
a. Intimate (0-18 inches)
b. Social-consultative (4-12 feet)
c. Conventional (7-10 feet)
d. Public distance (12 feet and beyond)
e. Personal-casual (1.5-4 feet)
Islamic banking and finance are based on the religious principle of
a. riba (making equity profit).
b. lariba (not making asset-based profit).
c. loa (lending by caste hierarchy).
d. mana (magical contagion).
e. kailash (prohibition on trading).
In early human development, fire making was associated with each of the following
except:
a. migration into colder geographical areas.
b. developing larger and more complex teeth.
c. detoxifying plants.
d. creating more digestible carbohydrates.
e. tenderizing foods.
Through what practice do lineages develop new alliances within the larger social
system?
a. Exogamy
b. Endogamy
c. Ancestor worship
d. Totemism
e. Fusion
Which of the following is typically found in preliterate societies with a form of state
political organization, serving to transmit and preserve a culture’s legal and political
precedents and practices?
a. Epics
b. Legends
c. Myths
d. Tales
e. Sagas
Briefly explain the social and cultural significance of the bagpipes as a musical art form
that creates identity.
Answer:Will vary
What is peyote art, and where is it found?
Answer:Will vary
Experts predict that global warming will result in higher levels of structural violence.
What is a revitalization movement? Give examples of contemporary revitalization
movements.
Answer:Will vary
What are the agents of enculturation?
Answer:Will vary
Explain how ethnocentrism impacts culture change.
Answer:Will vary
Explain how new reproductive technologies challenge our understandings of kinship.
Answer:Will vary
To achieve self-determination, the Shuar abandoned their cooperative lifestyle and
acquired individual titles to land.
The advance of harnessing and using fire represented a tremendous cultural advance for
humans. Discuss the advantages of fire use and how it connects with cultural and
anatomical developments afterward. Give some examples. Is there any technology
today that can be considered as evolutionarily significant as fire?
Answer:Will vary
How is anthropology considered both a humanity and a science?
Answer:Will vary
Define three types of reciprocity, and give examples of each.
Answer:Will vary
Why are anthropologists interested in the distribution of tales? What does this reveal?
Answer:Will vary
What does it mean to be an “Islamic financier”?
Answer:Will vary
American children are among the earliest to develop a concept of self because of the
high level of social stimulation they receive.
Symbols are arbitrary.
Name four advantages that Homo erectus had as a result of using fire.
Answer:Will vary
Your mother’s sister’s child is your parallel cousin.
“Studying up” means to study people who are in a higher educational bracket than the
anthropologist doing the research.