Concepts of Genetics Plus MasteringGenetics 11th Edition

If a typical G1 nucleus contains 2C (two complements) of DNA, a gamete that is haploid (n) contains 1C of DNA. Answer: TRUE Answer: TRUE Answer: TRUE A DNA microarray (also called a DNA chip) can be used to ________. A) mutate genes of interest B) isolate genes from eukaryotic cell nuclei C) assay protein output

Assume that a trait is caused by the homozygous state of a gene that is recessive and autosomal. Nine percent of the individuals in a given population express the phenotype caused by this gene. What percentage of the individuals would be heterozygous for the gene? Assume that the population is

Given that a human normally contains 46 chromosomes, give the chromosome number for each of the following conditions: Turner syndrome (female, no Barr bodies) Klinefelter syndrome (male, one Barr body) Triploid Down syndrome (trisomic) Trisomy 13 Answer: Turner syndrome (female, no Barr bodies) 45Klinefelter syndrome (male, one Barr body) 47Triploid 69Down syndrome (trisomic) 47Trisomy 13

How does a polytene chromosome differ from a typical eukaryotic chromosome? Answer: Polytene chromosomes are found in a variety of tissues in the larvae of some flies and several species of protozoans and plants. A polytene chromosome contains banding patterns and is large because of repeated replications of DNA without

What is an allele-specific oligonucleotide? Answer: An allele-specific oligonucleotide is a stretch of DNA capable of either base pairing with a specific allele or failing to do so. Either way, such oligonucleotides can be used, under stringent hybridization conditions, to detect minor differences in DNA sequences. Answer: An allele-specific oligonucleotide is

The relationship between codon and anticodon can be characterized as involving ________. Answer: hydrogen bonds between complementary bases (usually) in typical antiparallel fashion Answer: hydrogen bonds between complementary bases (usually) in typical antiparallel fashion Answer: hydrogen bonds between complementary bases (usually) in typical antiparallel fashion A certain type of congenital deafness in humans

When a bacteriophage genome incorporates itself into the chromosome of the host, that phage genome is referred to as a(n) ________. Answer: prophage Answer: prophage Answer: prophage Name the polyploid condition that is formed from the addition of an extra set of chromosomes identical to the normal diploid complement of the same species.

Trisomy 21, or Down syndrome, occurs when there is a normal diploid chromosomal complement but one (extra) chromosome 21. Although fertility is reduced in both sexes, females have higher fertility rates than males. Van Dyke et al. (1995; Down Syndrome Research and Practice 3(2): 65-69) summarize data involving children born of

Tightly curled hair is caused by a dominant autosomal gene in humans. If a heterozygous curly-haired person marries a person with straight hair, what phenotypes (and in what proportions) are expected in the offspring? Answer: 1/2 curly (because the curly-haired individual is most likely heterozygous);1/2 straight hair Answer: 1/2 curly (because

Cotransduction of genes is an indication that the genes are linked. Answer: TRUE Answer: TRUE Answer: TRUE A bivalent at pachytene contains four chromatids. Answer: TRUE Answer: TRUE Answer: TRUE Translocations may be pericentric or paracentric. Answer: FALSE Answer: FALSE Answer: FALSE For a given locus, in a population with two alternative alleles, the allele frequencies p + q

Give a brief definition of a homeobox. Answer: a highly conserved genetic element that encodes a 60 amino acid sequence with DNA-binding characteristics Answer: a highly conserved genetic element that encodes a 60 amino acid sequence with DNA-binding characteristics Answer: a highly conserved genetic element that encodes a 60 amino acid sequence

List four base triplets that are clearly responsible for punctuation (initiation, termination). Answer: AUG (rarely GUG) for initiation; UAA, UGA, and UAG for termination Answer: AUG (rarely GUG) for initiation; UAA, UGA, and UAG for termination Answer: AUG (rarely GUG) for initiation; UAA, UGA, and UAG for termination A fundamental property of DNA's

Provide an overview of the structure of Z-DNA. Answer: left-handed helix with two antiparallel complementary strands, 1.8 nm in diameter, 12 bases per turn, zigzag configuration, and shallow major groove Answer: left-handed helix with two antiparallel complementary strands, 1.8 nm in diameter, 12 bases per turn, zigzag configuration, and shallow major

Describe the value of using twins in the study of questions relating to the relative impact of heredity versus environment. Answer: Monozygotic twins are derived from the splitting of a single fertilized egg and are therefore of identical genetic makeup. When such twins are raised in the same versus different

Three investigatorsNsslein-Volhard, Wieschaus, and Lewiswon the Nobel Prize for physiology and medicine in 1995 for work they did in 1970 with Drosophila. Briefly describe their findings. Answer: They identified and characterized a number of maternal-effect and zygotic genes that control pattern formation in Drosophila.[/cpmembership] Answer: They identified and characterized a

In the early part of the twentieth century, Nilsson-Ehle and others described experiments showing that multiple loci may be involved in the inheritance of certain traits. Such patterns are often called ________. Answer: polygenic traits or multiple-factor inheritance Answer: polygenic traits or multiple-factor inheritance Answer: polygenic traits or multiple-factor inheritance What anatomical structure

Mutations in the selector genes sometimes form structures in the wrong segment, transforming the antenna of a fly into a leg, for example. What are such mutations called? Answer: homeotic Answer: homeotic Answer: homeotic During development, many genes act in such a way as to decrease the number of alternative developmental pathways that

How many different kinds of gametes can be produced by an individual with the genotype AABbCCddEeFf? Answer: 23 = 8 Answer: 23 = 8 Answer: 23 = 8 What does the term genetics mean? Answer: Genetics is a subdiscipline of biology concerned with the study of heredity and variation atthe

Recombinant DNA technology is dependent on a particular class of enzymes, known as ________ that cuts DNA at specific nucleotide sequences. Answer: restriction enzymes Answer: restriction enzymes Answer: restriction enzymes Which term is given to the measure of the proportion of offspring that a particular phenotype will contribute to the next generation? Answer:

To produce recombinants in bacteria, one crossover is better than two. Answer: FALSE Answer: FALSE Answer: FALSE Genomic anticipation refers to observations that a genetic disorder occurs at an earlier age in successive generations, whereas genetic imprinting occurs when gene expression varies depending on parental origin. Answer: TRUE Answer: TRUE Answer: TRUE Chromatin assembly factors (CAFs) move

What are LINES? Answer: LINES are long interspersed elements that are plentiful in the human genome. Answer: LINES are long interspersed elements that are plentiful in the human genome. Answer: LINES are long interspersed elements that are plentiful in the human genome. In what way can loss of heterozygosity lead to cancer? Answer:

DNA replication in vivo requires a primer with a free 3" end. What molecular species provides this 3" end, and how is it provided? Answer: The free 3" end is provided by an RNA primer; it is provided by the enzymatic activity of RNA primase. Answer: The free 3" end is

What term is used to describe genetic exchange at equivalent positions along two chromosomes with substantial DNA sequence homology? Answer: general or homologous recombination Answer: general or homologous recombination Answer: general or homologous recombination What method might be used to study a knockout mouse that, by virtue of the lost gene or genes,

RNA processing occurs when amino acids are removed from nascent proteins. Answer: FALSE Answer: FALSE Answer: FALSE Which of the following organelles are involved in the general category of organelle heredity? A) mitochondria and chloroplasts B) golgi and nuclei C) lysosomes and peroxisomes D) factors and episomes E) golgi and rough endoplasmic reticulum Answer: A Answer: A Answer: A Viral genomes

Mutations may exert a variety of effects on living systems. List at least three categories of mutations based on their biological effects. Answer: morphological mutations, nutritional or biochemical mutations, behavioral mutations, regulatory mutations, lethal mutations, conditional mutations Answer: morphological mutations, nutritional or biochemical mutations, behavioral mutations, regulatory mutations, lethal mutations, conditional

What is ELSI? Answer: Under the umbrella of the Human Genome Project, the ELSI (Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications) program is set up to involve scientists, health professionals, policy makers, and the public in formulating policy and legislation related to the application of human genomic information. Answer: Under the umbrella of

The term spliceopathy would be a reasonable term to signify a genetic condition caused by a defect in the regulation of RNA splicing. Answer: TRUE Answer: TRUE Answer: TRUE Traits such as height, general body structure, skin color, and some behavioral traits are probably caused primarily by genes that behave codominantly or epistatically. Answer:

Conservation of amino acid sequence among distantly related groups of organisms is suggestive of an important function of that sequence. Answer: TRUE Answer: TRUE Answer: TRUE Restriction endonucleases typically recognize palindromic DNA sequences and often generate "sticky ends" or single-stranded DNA overhangs at cut sites. Answer: TRUE Answer: TRUE Answer: TRUE Inheritance of the green and

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes are structurally and chemically identical. Answer: FALSE Answer: FALSE Answer: FALSE Doubling the chromosomes of a sterile species hybrid with colchicine or cold shock is a method used to produce a fertile species hybrid (amphidiploid). Answer: TRUE Answer: TRUE Answer: TRUE Heterogeneous nuclear RNA is a primary transcript in eukaryotes that is processed

Describe the conceptual basis for constructing biochemical pathways using nutrient supplement experiments with Neurospora. Answer: The substance, which when added to minimal medium "cures" the largest number of strains, must be toward the end of the pathway. A supplement that fails to "cure" many strains must be early in the

Research dealing with which human blood disorder was instrumental in linking the genotype to a specific phenotype, and what conclusion was reached? Answer: The work on sickle-cell anemia was instrumental in showing that a mutant gene produced a mutant protein molecule. Answer: The work on sickle-cell anemia was instrumental in showing

In contrast with euchromatin, heterochromatin contains more genes and is earlier replicating. Answer: FALSE Answer: FALSE Answer: FALSE Transcription factors are proteins with at least two functional domains"one that binds to DNA and one that binds to RNA polymerase or to other transcription factors. Answer: TRUE Answer: TRUE Answer: TRUE When considering the structure of DNA, we

S phase is the part of interphase when DNA duplication takes place. Answer: TRUE Answer: TRUE Answer: TRUE An endonuclease is involved in removing bases sequentially from one end of DNA or the other. Answer: FALSE Answer: FALSE Answer: FALSE With multiple alleles, there can be more than two genetic alternatives for a given locus. Answer:

How many kinds of gametes will be expected from an individual with the genotype PpCcTTRr? Answer: 8 Answer: 8 Answer: 8 In the polymerase chain reaction, what is the purpose of the initial high temperature? What is the purpose of cooling in the second step? Answer: The purpose is to denature the target

In the past decades, direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic tests have become widespread. Are such tests approved by the Food and Drug Administration? Answer: At the time of this publication (2014) the FDA has not revealed definitive plans to oversee DTC tests. Answer: At the time of this publication (2014) the FDA has