Provide an overview of the structure of Z-DNA.
Immediately after fertilization of a Drosophila egg, the zygote nucleus undergoes a
series of divisions. Subsequent nuclear migration generates a(n) ________.
A) syncytium
B) maternal effect
C) homeodomain
D) zygote
E) cleavage nucleus
When scientists were attempting to determine the structure of the genetic code, Crick
and coworkers found that when three base additions or three base deletions occurred in
a single gene, the wild-type phenotype was sometimes restored. These data supported
the hypothesis that ________.
A) the code is triplet
B) the code contains internal punctuation
C) AUG is the initiating triplet
D) the code is overlapping
E) there are three amino acids per base
Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme found in association with retroviral activity. It has
the property of ________.
A) synthesis of DNA from an RNA template
B) synthesis of RNA from a DNA template
C) requiring no template
D) translation
E) most lysozymes
Assume that a dihybrid cross is made in which the genes’ loci are autosomal,
independently assorting, and incompletely dominant. How many different phenotypes
are expected in the offspring?
Which structural circumstance in DNA sets up the requirement for its
semidiscontinuous nature of replication?
List two classes of extrachromosomal inheritance and give an example of each.
The table below lists several genotypes associated with the lac operon in E. coli. For
each, indicate with a “+” or a “” whether functional β-galactosidase would be expected
to be produced at induced levels.
According to Mendel’s model, because of the ________ of chromosomes during
meiosis, all possible combinations of gametes will be formed in equal frequency.
Describe four major functions of DNA in a cell.
Enhancers are said to be cis-acting. What is meant by cis-acting, and what are
enhancers?
Intron frequency varies considerably among eukaryotes. Provide a general comparison
of intron frequencies in yeast and humans. What about intron size?
List and briefly describe three factors that contribute to the phenomenon of natural
selection.
Describe what is meant by a gratuitous inducer. Give an example.
During DNA replication, what is the function of RNA primase?
During the polymerization of nucleic acids, covalent bonds are formed between
neighboring nucleotides. Which carbons are involved in such bonds?
Compare and contrast bacteriophage lysis and lysogeny.
Name two human disorders that appear to be transmitted extrachromosomally.
Regarding the efficient initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II, which specific
“upstream” signals appear to be involved?
In what ways do the amino acid side chains interact to influence protein function?
In Drosophila, an individual female fly was observed to be of the XXY chromosome
complement (normal autosomal complement) and to have white eyes as contrasted with
the normal red eye color of wild type. The female’s mother and father had red eyes. The
mother, however, was heterozygous for the gene for white eyes. Knowing that white
eyes are X-linked and recessive, present an explanation for the genetic and
chromosomal constitution of the XXY, white-eyed individual. It is important that you
state in which parent and at what stage the chromosomal event occurred that caused the
genetic and cytogenetic abnormality.
It is often said that development is a two-step process. What two steps are likely to be
referred to here?
One of the Hardy-Weinberg assumptions states that all genotypes in the population are
free of selective advantage. What influence might a selective advantage of a genotype
have on a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
Continuous inheritance is often related to the term quantitative inheritance. Why?