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In the early part of the twentieth century, Nilsson-Ehle and others described
experiments showing that multiple loci may be involved in the inheritance of certain
traits. Such patterns are often called ________.
What anatomical structure is responsible for the transfer of impulses between neurons?
Much has been written about p53 in terms of cancer biology. What is p53, and what is
its significance?
Describe the chromosomal conformations of φX174 and polyomaviruses.
Briefly describe the makeup of VNTRs (variable number tandem repeats).
Interpret the meaning of an H2 (broad-sense heritability) value that approaches 0.0.
In 1996, a cloning experiment produced the sheep named Dolly. Contrary to the more
traditional method of cloning by embryo splitting, Dolly was produced by which
procedure?
Assume that four polygenic gene pairs are involved in determining phenotypes of F2.
How many phenotypic classes are expected?
Approximately 5% of the cytosine residues are methylated in the genome of any given
eukaryote. In what way is DNA methylation related to genetic regulation?
What are prototrophs?
In what way was the interrupted mating technique used to generate a genetic map in E.
coli based on time?
What is the name of a form of extrachromosomal inheritance that is due to transmission
of symbiotic or parasitic microorganisms?
Describe the molecular nature of mutation, as related to cancer, in a ras gene.
The problem below relates to the synthesis of several intermediates in the citric acid
cycle, which is essential in the production of ATP through aerobic respiration. A set of
experimental results relating the growth (+) of Neurospora on several media is given in
the table. Based on the information provided, present the biochemical pathway for the
substances oxaloacetate, fumarate, malate, and succinate, and the locations of the
metabolic blocks produced by the various strains.
How are pseudogenes formed?
Who was the student in Morgan's laboratory who first realized that the sequence of
genes could be determined by Morgan's proposal that two genes located relatively close
to each other are less likely to form chiasma between them than if the two genes were
relatively far apart?
Assume that in the F2 of a series of crosses, 1/64 of the offspring resemble one of the
parents (P). How many gene pairs are involved in producing these results?
Provide a definition of cancer at the anatomical level.
In Drosophila, an individual female fly was observed to be of the XXY chromosome
complement (normal autosomal complement) and to have white eyes as contrasted with
the normal red eye color of wild type. The female's father had red eyes, and the mother
had white eyes. Knowing that white eyes are X-linked and recessive, present an
explanation for the genetic and chromosomal constitution of the XXY, white-eyed
individual. It is important that you state in which parent and at what stage the
chromosomal event occurred that caused the genetic and cytogenetic abnormality.
What symbols are used to describe constitutive mutations at specific regions of the lac
regulatory system?
