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Assume that a trait is caused by the homozygous state of a gene that is recessive and
autosomal. Nine percent of the individuals in a given population express the phenotype
caused by this gene. What percentage of the individuals would be heterozygous for the
gene? Assume that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
A small part of the human Y chromosome contains the gene that is responsible for
determining maleness. What is the name of this gene?
Provide a brief description of discontinuous inheritance and continuous inheritance.
How are the two related? How are they different?
If one is testing a goodness of fit to a 9:3:3:1 ratio, how many degrees of freedom
would be associated with the Chi-square analysis?
One major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes is that eukaryotic
genes can contain internal sequences, called ________, that get removed in the mature
message.
Describe how the sigma subunit (factor) of E. coli RNA polymerase participates in
transcription.
Reference is often made to adapter molecules when describing protein synthesis in that
they allow amino acids to associate with nucleic acids. To what class of molecules does
this term refer?
What experimental results would indicate that the mutation lacIs is dominant to lacI+?
The genetic difference between familial retinoblastoma and sporadic retinoblastoma
appears to be based on those with the familial form starting out being ________,
whereas those with the sporadic form start out being ________.
In what way do chloroplast mutations influence phenotype?
Researchers in the late 1950s isolated multiple antibiotic-resistant strains of the
bacterium Shigella, which causes dysentery. Such resistance was caused by
nonchromosomal R factors that originated in E. coli. Which of the following forms of
extrachromosomal heredity"maternal effect, organelle heredity, infectious
heredity"would you consider most closely related to the transfer bacterial
antibiotic-resistant strains?
What is the structure of fetal hemoglobin (HbF)?
What is the significance of the homeodomain?
Inversion heterokaryotypes are often characterized as having reduced crossing over and
reduced fertility. Assume that you were examining a strain of organisms you knew to be
inversion heterokaryotypes and saw a relatively high number of double chromatid
bridges extending between anaphase I nuclei. What would be a likely explanation for
this observation? Explain with a labeled diagram.
