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Mutations in the selector genes sometimes form structures in the wrong segment,
transforming the antenna of a fly into a leg, for example. What are such mutations
called?
During development, many genes act in such a way as to decrease the number of
alternative developmental pathways that a cell can follow. Usually there are two
alternative developmental paths for a cell to follow. What is the term given to genes that
act in this fashion?
What significant conclusion has the classic work on the eyeless and Pax6 genes
provided in terms of developmental mechanisms?
Fragile X syndrome (or Martin-Bell syndrome) is the most common form of inherited
mental retardation in humans. Is it more common in males or females? What is FMR1?
What information have the results of mitochondrial DNA analysis offered concerning
the phylogenetic relationships between Neanderthals and modern humans?
What is the formal expression used to examine the relative importance of genetic versus
environmental factors?
Name the substance that serves as the hereditary material in eukaryotes and
prokaryotes.
Suppose that in the use of polynucleotide phosphorylase, nucleotides A and C are added
in a ratio of 1A:5C. What is the probability that an AAA sequence will occur?
Under which condition(s) might one have an amino acid substitution in a protein that
does not result in an altered phenotype?
The difference between fitness of a given genotype and another genotype considered
optimal is called the selection coefficient (s). What is the selection coefficient for a
genotype (aa) that produces an average of 99 offspring when Aa individuals produce an
average of 100 offspring?
Provide a general set of statements that describes an enhancer.
What kinds of general observations cause one to conclude that development is the result
of variable gene activity?
In which stage of the cell cycle is G0 located?
Studies done in the 1960s suggested that individuals with the XYY condition were
prone to criminal behavior. What conclusions presently seem appropriate concerning
this chromosomal condition?
What is a significant difference between a lytic and a lysogenic cycle?
