American Corrections 10th Edition

When groups are treated differently without regard to their behavior or qualifications, __________ occurs. a. racism b. homogeneity c. ethnic cleansing d. discrimination Answer: D Answer: D Answer: D The courts have upheld the right of female corrections officers to: a. pat down only female prisoners. b. pat down only male prisoners. c. pat down male prisoners when a male officer

Most correctional professionals believe juveniles are more susceptible than adults to the influence of treatment programs. Answer: T Answer: T Answer: T Jails are an important part of corrections and demonstrate many complexities of the system. Answer: T Answer: T Answer: T Inmates who participate in educational programs while incarcerated are the least likely to return to prison. Answer: T Answer:

According to the author some people believe that ______________factors result in large numbers of Hispanics and African Americans being processed in the criminal justice system. Answer: sociobiological Answer: sociobiological Answer: sociobiological PSIs disallow victim impact statements describing their emotional and financial losses due to the offender's action. Answer: F Answer: F Answer: F The argument

The leasing of convicts to private entrepreneurs took hold in the: a. North. b. West. c. South. d. East. Answer: C Answer: C Answer: C According to Clear, Cole, and Reisig, __________ is the most visible penalty imposed by the criminal justice system. a. imprisonment b. probation c. parole d. the death sentence Answer: A Answer: A Answer: A In what case did the Supreme Court

Sentencing for drug crimes contributes to the high incarceration rate of African Americans. Answer: T Answer: T Answer: T The case of Wolff v. McDonnell showed that the court was extending the due process rights for prisoners in certain aspects. Answer: T Answer: T Answer: T Pretrial detainees need access to legal assistance. Answer: T Answer: T Answer: T A majority of

A continuum of sanctions means that punishments vary in intrusiveness and control. Answer: T Answer: T Answer: T Parole officers have little discretionary power over their clients. Answer: F Answer: F Answer: F Jails around the nation are pretty much the same. Answer: F Answer: F Answer: F Progressives implemented probation, _______________ and parole throughout the United States. Answer: indeterminate sentences Answer: indeterminate

________ was a leader of reform in England and the developer of a utilitarian approach to crime and punishment a. Jeremy Bentham b. John Howard c. Cesare Beccaria d. Bishop Nicholas Ridley Answer: A Answer: A Answer: A The first juvenile court was established in: a. Omaha. b. New York. c. Los Angeles. d. Chicago. Answer: D Answer: D Answer: D With the correctional focus shifting

Which of the following pressures are not experienced by the local jail? a. The direction of the jail is influenced by local law enforcement officials. b. Local politics, in particular party patronage, influences the operation of the jail. c. Local offender assistance programs are usually operated by community self-help volunteers. d. All of these

When prison space is limited, judges reserve incarceration for only the most _______offenders. Answer: violent Answer: violent Answer: violent The leading reformer in England and the developer of the utilitarian approach to crime and punishment was _____________________. Answer: John Howard Answer: John Howard Answer: John Howard Prison managers cannot ______________ their clients. Answer:

As a philosophy, community justice is based on the pursuit of justice that goes beyond the three traditional tasks which are: a. apprehension b. conviction c. punishment d. all of these. Answer: D Answer: D Answer: D Jails are administered by: a. their state's governor. b. the federal government. c. locally-elected officials. d. the Department of Justice. Answer: C Answer: C Answer: C What is the

Prior to the reform movement in the 1800s, women in Europe and the United States were: a. segregated from males and other prisoners in jails but not prisons. b. segregated in prisons but not jails. c. not given corporal punishment as men were. d. housed with men and other prisoners and treated as they

Among the stated goals of the correctional process as mentioned by the authors, which of the following does not overlap with the objectives of the other purposes? a. Rehabilitation b. Deterrence c. Incapacitation d. Retribution Answer: A Answer: A Answer: A Generally, women's prisons lack not only adequate vocational and educational programs but also: a. nutritional services. b. recreational services. c. medical

Over __________ dollars in fines is collected annually in the United States. a. 25 million b. 675 million c. 1 billion d. 3.7 billion Answer: C Answer: C Answer: C Because inmates are not allowed to carry any currency, the primary method of exchange in prison is: a. narcotics. b. cigarettes. c. "bug juice." d. sex. Answer: B Answer: B Answer: B Separate confinement was first

Residential programs normally house between 10 and _________ offenders at any one time. a. 12 b. 15 c. 19 d. 25 Answer: D Answer: D Answer: D Which of the following is an argument for a centralized probation authority? a. Decentralized programs are often unprofessional and lag behind the times b. It is able to train staff for a variety

In which of the following ways may probation be terminated? a. The probationer completes the period of probation. b. Probation caseloads are so large that some probationers have their probation terminated. c. The probationer commits some misbehavior that warrants the probation be terminated. d. Both the probationer completes the period of probation and the

In instances when parole supervision is being revoked, offenders possess various _________rights. a. habeas corpus b. privacy c. due process d. administrative Answer: C Answer: C Answer: C Organizations develop _________ to keep operating with inmates having regular and predictable responses to the staff. a. routines b. policies c. procedures d. all of these Answer: D Answer: D Answer: D Which of the following is an

According to Clear, Cole, and Reisig, the prison population in this country has skyrocketed. One explanation for this is: a. public attitudes toward crime and punishment. b. increased arrests. c. the war on drugs. d. all of these. Answer: D Answer: D Answer: D The organization of probation is: a. centralized or decentralized b. administered by judiciary or executive branch c.

At a revocation hearing, the facts of the allegation are heard and decided. Answer: T Answer: T Answer: T Until 1970 most women inmates were housed in the same prisons and treated essentially the same as men. Answer: T Answer: T Answer: T If we could do it all again we would likely have envisioned the system we

The first and basic "essentials of due process" are required by juvenile offenders was determined in what landmark case? a. Kent v. US b. In Re Winship c. Breed v. Jones d. .McKeiver v. Pennsylvania Answer: A Answer: A Answer: A Overall, jail population sizes tend to be: a. stable. b. small. c. variable d. constant Answer: C Answer: C Answer:

Which of the following is not a high-priority need for many offenders released from prison? a. marriage/home life b. Education c. Money d. Job Answer: A Answer: A Answer: A One in three African American men are: a. in prison. b. on probation. c. in college. d. under correctional supervision. Answer: D Answer: D Answer: D Prison based programs designed for women often include which of

Which of the following would not be considered a secure placement for a juvenile? a. foster home b. residential center c. reform school d. training school Answer: D Answer: D Answer: D Opponents of new prison construction believe that, given the nature of bureaucratic organizations, prison cells will always be: a. expensive. b. filled. c. rundown. d. valuable. Answer: B Answer: B Answer: B The increase

The sharing of myths, slang, customs, rewards, and sanctions of a smaller, isolated, separate group of people in society is called: The prison is recognized as a functioning community with its own values, roles, language and customs. This is also known as a prison ____________. a. cliques. b. gangs. c. culture. d. subculture. Answer: D Answer:

Staff personnel usually work under the deputy warden, handling accounting, training, and purchasing. Answer: T Answer: T Answer: T Of the five types of prison based programs, the author recognizes that rehabilitation is the most controversial. Answer: T Answer: T Answer: T The dual functions of probation are _________ and _______________. Answer: investigation; supervision Answer: investigation; supervision Answer: investigation;

_______________ activity among men is one way HIV is transmitted in prison populations. Answer: Homosexual Answer: Homosexual Answer: Homosexual The positivist school looked to free will and rational thought as the reason for crime. Answer: F Answer: F Answer: F The first director of the Bureau of Prisons upon authorization from congress in 1929 was

In the Booker decision, the justices said that sentencing guidelines are: a. mandatory. b. discretionary. c. ridiculous. d. binding. Answer: B Answer: B Answer: B Violence, rape, and health problems are direct and immediate consequences of: a. an increase of youthful male offenders. b. overcrowding. c. lax correctional supervision. d. inappropriate sexuality behind bars. Answer: B Answer: B Answer: B Elizabeth Farnham, head matron of the

Almost all inmates will eventually be released to live in the community. Answer: T Answer: T Answer: T Parole officers have to manage a heavier ________ than is feasible in the available time and respond to ___________ philosophies and policies. Answer: workload; organizational Answer: workload; organizational Answer: workload; organizational The Human Rights Watch report noted that