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When groups are treated differently without regard to their behavior or qualifications, __________ occurs. a. racism b. homogeneity c. ethnic cleansing d. discrimination The courts have upheld the right of female corrections officers to: a. pat down only female prisoners. […]

Most correctional professionals believe juveniles are more susceptible than adults to the influence of treatment programs. Jails are an important part of corrections and demonstrate many complexities of the system. Answer: T Inmates who participate in educational programs while incarcerated […]

According to the author some people believe that ______________factors result in large numbers of Hispanics and African Americans being processed in the criminal justice system. PSIs disallow victim impact statements describing their emotional and financial losses due to the offender’s […]

The leasing of convicts to private entrepreneurs took hold in the: a. North. b. West. c. South. d. East. According to Clear, Cole, and Reisig, __________ is the most visible penalty imposed by the criminal justice system. a. imprisonment b. […]

Sentencing for drug crimes contributes to the high incarceration rate of African Americans. The case of Wolff v. McDonnell showed that the court was extending the due process rights for prisoners in certain aspects. Answer: T Pretrial detainees need access […]

A continuum of sanctions means that punishments vary in intrusiveness and control. Parole officers have little discretionary power over their clients. Answer: F Jails around the nation are pretty much the same. Answer: F Progressives implemented probation, _______________ and parole […]

________ was a leader of reform in England and the developer of a utilitarian approach to crime and punishment a. Jeremy Bentham b. John Howard c. Cesare Beccaria d. Bishop Nicholas Ridley The first juvenile court was established in: a. […]

Which of the following pressures are not experienced by the local jail? a. The direction of the jail is influenced by local law enforcement officials. b. Local politics, in particular party patronage, influences the operation of the jail. c. Local […]

When prison space is limited, judges reserve incarceration for only the most _______offenders. The leading reformer in England and the developer of the utilitarian approach to crime and punishment was _____________________. Answer: John Howard Prison managers cannot ______________ their clients. […]

As a philosophy, community justice is based on the pursuit of justice that goes beyond the three traditional tasks which are: a. apprehension b. conviction c. punishment d. all of these. Jails are administered by: a. their state’s governor. b. […]

Prior to the reform movement in the 1800s, women in Europe and the United States were: a. segregated from males and other prisoners in jails but not prisons. b. segregated in prisons but not jails. c. not given corporal punishment […]

Among the stated goals of the correctional process as mentioned by the authors, which of the following does not overlap with the objectives of the other purposes? a. Rehabilitation b. Deterrence c. Incapacitation d. Retribution Generally, women’s prisons lack not […]

Over __________ dollars in fines is collected annually in the United States. a. 25 million b. 675 million c. 1 billion d. 3.7 billion Because inmates are not allowed to carry any currency, the primary method of exchange in prison […]

Residential programs normally house between 10 and _________ offenders at any one time. a. 12 b. 15 c. 19 d. 25 Which of the following is an argument for a centralized probation authority? a. Decentralized programs are often unprofessional and […]

In which of the following ways may probation be terminated? a. The probationer completes the period of probation. b. Probation caseloads are so large that some probationers have their probation terminated. c. The probationer commits some misbehavior that warrants the […]

In instances when parole supervision is being revoked, offenders possess various _________rights. a. habeas corpus b. privacy c. due process d. administrative Organizations develop _________ to keep operating with inmates having regular and predictable responses to the staff. a. routines […]

According to Clear, Cole, and Reisig, the prison population in this country has skyrocketed. One explanation for this is: a. public attitudes toward crime and punishment. b. increased arrests. c. the war on drugs. d. all of these. The organization […]

At a revocation hearing, the facts of the allegation are heard and decided. Until 1970 most women inmates were housed in the same prisons and treated essentially the same as men. Answer: T If we could do it all again […]

The first and basic “essentials of due process” are required by juvenile offenders was determined in what landmark case? a. Kent v. US b. In Re Winship c. Breed v. Jones d. .McKeiver v. Pennsylvania Overall, jail population sizes tend […]

Which of the following is not a high-priority need for many offenders released from prison? a. marriage/home life b. Education c. Money d. Job One in three African American men are: a. in prison. b. on probation. c. in college. […]

Which of the following would not be considered a secure placement for a juvenile? a. foster home b. residential center c. reform school d. training school Opponents of new prison construction believe that, given the nature of bureaucratic organizations, prison […]

The sharing of myths, slang, customs, rewards, and sanctions of a smaller, isolated, separate group of people in society is called: The prison is recognized as a functioning community with its own values, roles, language and customs. This is also […]

Staff personnel usually work under the deputy warden, handling accounting, training, and purchasing. Of the five types of prison based programs, the author recognizes that rehabilitation is the most controversial. Answer: T The dual functions of probation are _________ and […]

_______________ activity among men is one way HIV is transmitted in prison populations. The positivist school looked to free will and rational thought as the reason for crime. Answer: F The first director of the Bureau of Prisons upon authorization […]

In the Booker decision, the justices said that sentencing guidelines are: a. mandatory. b. discretionary. c. ridiculous. d. binding. Violence, rape, and health problems are direct and immediate consequences of: a. an increase of youthful male offenders. b. overcrowding. c. […]

Almost all inmates will eventually be released to live in the community. Parole officers have to manage a heavier ________ than is feasible in the available time and respond to ___________ philosophies and policies. Answer: workload; organizational The Human Rights […]