The sharing of myths, slang, customs, rewards, and sanctions of a smaller, isolated,
separate group of people in society is called: The prison is recognized as a functioning
community with its own values, roles, language and customs. This is also known as a
prison ____________.
a. cliques.
b. gangs.
c. culture.
d. subculture.
Aftercare operates in a way similar to:
a. adult parole.
b. adult probation.
c. the house of refuge.
d. a minimum security prison.
The Anti-Terrorism Act imposes __________ limit to file a federal habeas petition.
a. a five-year
b. a one-year
c. a two-year
d. no
The idea of community justice is very:
a. out of favor.
b. marginalized.
c. dangerous.
d. popular.
Opponents of the death penalty argue that only ___________ has the right to take a life:
a. a victim.
b. the survivors.
c. the state.
d. God.
Movement within the continuum of sanctions is contingent upon:
a. judicial discretion at each level of sentencing accountability.
b. program availability at each level of sentencing accountability.
c. performance at each level of sentencing accountability.
d. all of these.
a. Failure to abide by rules & conditions of Probation defendants
b. Fines, community service, restitution
c. Reporting to the probation office, change of address
d. Establishes goals for supervision and evaluates
e. Constraints to deal with a significant problem/need
f. the first to provide bail for
h. judge can suspend a sentence for good behavior
i. Method for increasing the effectiveness of correctional treatment
j. Approach crime from a problem-solving perspective
1) Technical violation
2) Standard conditions
3) Punitive conditions
4) Treatment conditions
5) Performance-based supervision
6) Community justice
7) John Augustus
8) Motivational interviewing
9) Judicial reprieve
10) recognizance
The Fourteenth Amendment was ratified in:
a. 1960.
b. 1868.
c. 1789.
d. 1810.
If a shakedown were to occur in a prison, who would give the directive?
a. The warden
b. The governor
c. The captain of the guard
d. The shift lieutenant
Whites tend to admit to more ____________crimes than African Americans or
Hispanics when completing a self-report survey.
a. theft
b. drug
c. burglary
d. alcohol
The goal of rehabilitation is oriented solely toward the _____________and does not
imply any consistent relationship between the severity of the punishment and the
gravity ofthe crime.
a. state
b. victim
c. offender
d. law
The first decision made in a juvenile court is to:
a. determine guilt.
b. file a petition of juvenile jurisdiction.
c. appoint a lawyer.
d. assess culpability.
Tool counts, searches, and detailed accounting of materials are all critical to:
a. building maintenance.
b. good behavior.
c. security.
d. time management.
The drug abuser presents ______________problems for corrections
a. indistinct and hardly any
b. classification and organizational
c. very few significant
d. both treatment and management]
According to the author, Corrections has a(n) __________ relationship with its
environment.
a. reciprocal
b. inverse
c. oppositional
d. purposeful
When offenders work and live at home during the week then return to the prison for the
weekend it is:
a. a group housing program.
b. a work furlough.
c. a re-entry approach.
d. a training program.
The goal of community corrections is to prepare offenders for reentry into society
gradually through the: .
a. rehabilitative model
b. retributive model
c. reintegration model
d. reinforcement model
Which of the following was the first person to provide bail for defendants under the
authority of the Boston Police Court in 1841?
a. John Augustus
b. Cesare Beccaria
c. Zebulon Brockway
d. Jeremy Benthem
A national clearinghouse of information about correctional practices is:
a. the American Correctional Association.
b. the National Institute of Corrections.
c. the California Peace Officers Association.
d. the American Probation and Parole Association.
Until recently _______on the question of private prison cost-effectiveness has been
lacking.
a. research
b. misunderstandings
c. conflicts
d. disagreements
The growth of new and innovative community justice projects has been remarkably:
a. slow.
b. fast.
c. unwelcome.
d. measured.
According to the concept of __________, offenders are returned to society once they
are cured.
a. deterrence
b. retribution
c. incapacitation
d. rehabilitation
According to the text, Legal sanctions, in the form we are familiar with today, emerged
in the:
a. 1700s.
b. 1200s.
c. 1500s.
d. 1800s.
prison maintenance jobs constitute an elaborate pecking order of assignments and
reveal something about which of the following:
a. they give inmates power.
b. Information regarding other inmates and their prison time.
c. they increase an inmate’s prestige in the facility.
d. all of these.
The term __________ refers to idea that the punishment of execution will deter others
from violent criminal activity.
a. incapactitation
b. retribution
c. deterrence
d. rehabilitation
The concept of selective incapacitation rests on the idea that:
a. most serious offenders require short periods of incarceration.
b. a small number of offenders are responsible for a disproportionate number of violent
and property crimes.
c. the cost of incarceration can be decreased by housing only serious and repetitive
offenders.
d. the crime rate will remain relatively stable if serious felons are incarcerated for long
periods.
__________ has been described as a “transient state between liberty and recommitment.
a. Incarceration
b. Parole
c. Reentry
d. Revocation
Alternative sanctions tend to be designed for:
a. women.
b. juveniles.
c. men.
d. misdemeanants.
Correctional clients, as a group, seem to ________ the general population?
a. differ markedly from
b. be markedly similar to
c. vastly like
d. be indistinguishable from
Characteristics of inmate populations of many prisons began to change in the:
a. mid-1990s
b. early 1950s
c. mid-1960s
d. mid-1940s
According to the authors, unionization of correctional officers has brought:
a. better pay for the services they provide.
b. a greater sense of job security.
c. a greater control over their work.
d. all of these.
The career criminal has several attributes:
a. his occupation
b. inexperienced
c. psychologically abnormal
d. believes he will never be caught
a. advocated for separation of sexes while incarcerated
b. Rise of programs in which youngsters could live with their mothers in halfway
houses
c. First female prison warden
d. required for women to regain custody of children
e. Homosexual marriage and kinship
f. 64 percent
g. challenge for women upon release from prison
h. Account for the great increase of women in prison
i. What most distinguishes incarcerated women from men
j. Separate treatment-oriented prisons
1) Pseudofamilies
2) Mary B. Harris
3) Elizabeth G. Fry
4) Community corrections
5) Stable housing
6) The reformatory
7) Nature of offenses
8) Drug offenses
9) Financially poor
10) Women who lived with their children prior to incarceration
In which case was it ruled that offenders cannot receive the death sentence if they were
under 18 at the time of the crime?
a. Ring v. Arizona
b. Georgia v. Furman
c. McCleskey v. Kemp
d. Roper v. Simmons
The penitentiary was developed during the:
a. 1740s.
b. 1790s.
c. 1830s.
d. 1900s.
African American youths are more likely to be arrested for all crimes than any other
race.
One in seven jails in the United States currently operates under a court order, typically
related to overcrowding.
The use of ____________ was greatly expanded in the 1980s as a weapon in the War on
Drugs.
Some people claim that eliminating racism from the criminal justice system is not likely
to occur, because the system is embedded in a larger racist ___________.
An offender who presents belated evidence of innocence is entitled to a new hearing in
a federal court before execution.
Most women believe rape is a violation emotionally, physically and rationally as well as
a degrading act of violence.
Inmates unable to develop a role orientation are referred to as _________________,
meaning they cannot adjust to prison life.
The public’s desire to punish criminals is not backed up by willingness to ________ for
the cost of punishment.
The warden is the chief executive officer of the institution.
Age is the best predictor of recidivism.
____________ is when the government enters into an agreement with the prisoner
where the prisoner promises to abide by conditions in exchange for release.
Replacing decrepit facilities is cost effective.
Most prisoner-officer violence that occurs is organized and completed within large
groups.
Progressives wanted to know the life history of an offender so that they could devise an
_______________ treatment program.
Best known for his utilitarian theories and often referred to as his “hedonic calculus,”
Jeremy Bentham was a leading scholar of his time.
Racial disparities become racial ____________if people who are otherwise similar in
their criminality are treated differently by the criminal justice system.
Legal rules, usually set by an agency of the executive branch, designed to implement in
detail policies of that agency are ___________.
If a parolee breaks a rule, their parole may be __________.