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Among the stated goals of the correctional process as mentioned by the authors, which
of the following does not overlap with the objectives of the other purposes?
a. Rehabilitation
b. Deterrence
c. Incapacitation
d. Retribution
Generally, women's prisons lack not only adequate vocational and educational programs
but also:
a. nutritional services.
b. recreational services.
c. medical services.
d. all of these
The most extraordinary health problem in contemporary corrections often based on
mandatory sentencing, determinate sentencing and truth in sentencing is:
a. HIV/AIDS.
b. mental illness.
c. aging.
d. substance abuse.
The majority of probationers in the United States are:
a. white and female.
b. African American and male.
c. white and male.
d. Latino and male.
A process by which inmates can be grouped according to custody requirements and
program needs is known as:
a. reception and guidance.
b. classification.
c. placement.
d. orientation.
Most parole boards cite an inmate's progress in ________________as one criterion for
release.
a. self-improvement programs
b. family visitations
c. solitary confinement
d. religious practices
The concept of community corrections is best understood as a goal. That goal clearly is
to:
a. save money.
b. reduce reliance on prisons.
c. reduce crime.
d. both save money and reduce reliance on prisons.
People's problems decline when they behave more responsibly. This is a core tenet of:
a. group therapy.
b. brief therapy.
c. transactional therapy.
d. reality therapy.
From 1920 to 1973, sentencing and release procedures involved:
a. determinate sentencing.
b. mandatory minimums.
c. indeterminate sentences.
d. mandatory release.
Most inmate rule violations are handled by:
a. the warden
b. the line personnel.
c. work detail supervisors.
d. an institutional disciplinary committee.
Overcrowded prisons may violate:
a. the First Amendment.
b. the Fourth Amendment.
c. the Sixth Amendment.
d. the Eighth Amendment.
__________ is based on the assumptions of indeterminate sentences and rehabilitative
programs.
a. Conditional release
b. Discretionary release
c. Mandatory release
d. Expirational release
The most slippery concept in the classification of offenders is that of the:
a. career criminal.
b. violent.
c. sex offender.
d. mentally ill.
In comparison to men's facilities, women's prisons have:
a. more available programming.
b. more varied programming.
c. similar programming.
d. less programming.
Classification may occur at which of the following stages?
a. During transfer to another institution
b. In preparation for release
c. After an inmate encounters problems
d. All of these
The theory that offenders can be corrected:
a. is widely recognized.
b. faces dispute.
c. is backed by evidence.
d. is supported by politicians.
When a neighborhood is plagued by arrests, incarceration, joblessness, crime, and
poverty, it is an example of a phenomenon known as:
a. concentrated space.
b. determined space.
c. spatial concentration.
d. spatial application.
During the 19th century, American society became increasingly:
a. desperate.
b. heterogeneous.
c. homogeneous.
d. rural.
The relationship between staff and prisoners which focuses on material goods and
written correspondence is one of:
a. exchange.
b. violence.
c. power.
d. service.
Which president influenced the concept of the "war on drugs?"
a. Carter
b. Nixon
c. Clinton
d. Reagan
According to the authors, the most costly correctional resource is:
a. the prison.
b. intermediate sanctions.
c. probation.
d. intensive supervision probation.
Many, if not most, defendants are:
a. indigent.
b. clueless.
c. white.
d. female.
"The Iron Law of Prison Populations" refers to the size of a prison population
determined by the number of people who are sent to prison and ___________.
a. their gender
b. their length of stay
c. their classification
d. their age
In recent years, America's prison population has been:
a. getting younger.
b. aging.
c. shrinking.
d. all of these.
Discretionary release places great faith in the ability of the parole board members to:
a. link inmate treatment with the level of custody.
b. predict future offender behavior.
c. assess readiness for permanent release to community.
d. all of these.
For many victims of prison violence, the only way for the administration to guarantee
them safety is to:
a. place them with a gang.
b. place them in protective custody unit.
c. transfer to another prison.
d. all of these.
With the rise of the medical model, the emphasis in corrections shifted to:
a. vocational programs for criminals.
b. educational programs for offenders.
c. the treatment and diagnosis of criminals.
d. work release programs for criminals
The most common sanction a juvenile receives is:
a. detention.
b. aftercare.
c. probation.
d. diversion.
a. Houses people convicted of serious crimes
b. A facility authorized to hold pretrial detainees
c. Mutual transfer of resources
d. Workers who provide programs and services
e. Power between national and state government
f. Method of applying scientific knowledge
g. One of the goals of corrections
h. Common goals influenced by the environment
i. Conforms to the rules of society
j. Manages accused or convicted offenders
1) Exchange
2) Corrections
3) Social Control
4) Prison
5) Jails
6) Technology
7) Punishment
8) System
9) Federalism
10) Street-level bureaucrats
For the majority of the 20th century, the numbers of incarcerated prisoners in the United
States:
a. grew.
b. held steady.
c. decreased.
d. were not calculated.
The Penitentiary Act was based upon four core principles where prisoners were
confined in solitary cells and labored silently in common rooms. They include
a. secure and sanitary conditions.
b. nonsystematic inspections.
c. fees for inmates.
d. a continued regimen.
Victimizations rates are higher for:
a. the wealthy whites.
b. African American suburbanites.
c. African Americans and Latinos.
d. white urbanites.
Corrections consist of subunits, each with its own function and responsibilities. Some
examples are probation offices, halfway houses, and prisons.
Finding employment after release is relatively easy.
Secular law is the law of _________ society
Factors influencing the filtering process through the correctional system include
department policy and _______________.
The philosophy of juvenile corrections places a higher premium on ____________ and
__________________.
Parole is the conditional release of an offender from incarceration but not from the
_________________.
___________ is the punishment inflicted on a person who has violated a criminal law
and so deserves to be punished.
Legal rules created in judges' decisions that serve to guide decisions in similar cases are
called _____________.
Correctional practices and processes all affect one another because offenders pass
through in a kind of assembly line with return loops.
An inmate that falls into the "fish" category is known as a______________________.
The impact of juvenile treatment programs differs from adults programs in that they
show a ___________success rate than adults.
Women make up a _________ proportion of the prison population.
It would be safe to say that significant numbers of correctional clients have a history of
heavy drinking.
Incapacitation focuses on characteristics of the offenders instead of characteristics of
the victims.
A person who in a particular set of circumstances has violated the law but is not
normally given to criminal behavior and who is unlikely to repeat the offense is the
___________.
Restitution is compensation for financial, physical or emotional loss.
