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Which of the following is not a high-priority need for many offenders released from
prison?
a. marriage/home life
b. Education
c. Money
d. Job
One in three African American men are:
a. in prison.
b. on probation.
c. in college.
d. under correctional supervision.
Prison based programs designed for women often include which of the following:
a. construction
b. Maintenance.
c. Food service.
d. fire fighting.
A system where jail operations are funded by a set amount paid for each prisoner held
per day is:
a. a welfare system.
b. a fixed rate system.
c. a fee system.
d. a provider system.
a. staff has direct contact with offenders
b. Prosecutor makes deal with defendant to steer clear of incapacitation experience
c. protection to the community by incarcerating an offender violators report daily
d. supervision under home confinement
e. holding tanks for up to 48 hours pretrial release
f. person who provides bail money for a fee
g. rehabilitative jail
h. pretrial and probation
i. Funded per prisoner per day
j. Fee specified by a judge as a condition for
1) Bondsman
2) Day reporting center
3) Fee system
4) Bail
5) Direct supervision
6) Electronic monitoring
7) Lockup
8) Prevention detention
9) Therapeutic justice
10) Pretrial diversion
The __________ offender is most likely to be the object of exploitation and practical
jokes while incarcerated.
a. situational
b. career
c. mentally handicapped
d. alcohol
A major criticism of probation, as traditionally practiced, is that:
a. it is too impersonal.
b. the probation officers don"t really care about the client.
c. it is inadequate for a large number of offenders.
d. there aren"t enough offenders to make it work.
A structure established for the purpose of influencing behavior in order to achieve
particular ends is known as a/an:
a. informal organization.
b. formal organization.
c. span of control.
d. retribution
Who is less likely to be released on their own recognizance?
a. African Americans
b. Women
c. Latinas
d. Whites
Assumptions about the "normalcy" of delinquency depend on how the misbehavior fits
the juvenile's:
a. disposition.
b. age.
c. attitude.
d. parents.
Local correctional workers are:
a. overeducated
b. paid above average for the criminal justice system
c. poorly trained
d. mostly doing clerical work
The adaptive role within prison where inmates see the period in prison as a temporary
break in their criminal careers is known as: When an inmate views his/her incarceration
as a temporary break in their criminal career, their adaptive role is known as:
a. jailing.
b. gleaning.
c. hustling.
d. doing time.
At the end of 2002, most prisons were operating:
a. at capacity.
b. above capacity.
c. below capacity.
d. either at capacity or above capacity.
In a highly authoritarian prison, treatment goals are:
a. a priority.
b. more important.
c. less important.
d. a cause for concern.
Corrections can be seen as a series of:
a. processes.
b. agencies.
c. loops.
d. both processes and agencies.
In classifying offenders, correctional administrators put them into groups based on:
a. their needs for treatment.
b. risk.
c. security issues they pose to the prison.
d. all of these.
The prison design most often used for female and juvenile inmates is:
a. Radial design
b. telephone pole design
c. campus style
d. courtyard style
The purpose of punishment as a public spectacle was:
a. immediate deterrence
b. specific deterrence.
c. exhibition of the sovereign's power.
d. both crime control and exhibition of the sovereign's power.
Punishment designed to repair damage to both victim and community is:
a. rehabilitation.
b. retribution.
c. reintegration.
d. restorative justice.
For the purpose of deterrence, which principle(s) did Beccaria believe were most
important?
a. Severity
b. Swiftness
c. Certainty
d. Both swiftness and certainty
Inside women's facilities there has been a recent escalation of:
a. diverse programming.
b. sexual misconduct by female officers.
c. sexual misconduct by male officers.
d. violence.
The __________ was a penitentiary system developed in Pennsylvania in which each
inmate was held in isolation from other inmates.
a. congregate system
b. assemble system
c. separate confinement system
d. segregated confinement system
Studies of nonprison alternatives find that even the most successful programs enroll
_________ offenders who would otherwise have been incarcerated?
a. a majority of
b. a substantial number of
c. a minority of
d. numerous
Which of the following was the Quaker who was the first to press for changes in the
treatment of sentenced women and children?
a. Elizabeth Heffernan
b. Elizabeth Fry
c. Elizabeth Glaser
d. Elizabeth Franklin
Approximately _______ of all people under correctional supervision are living in the
community on probation or parole.
a. one-fifth
b. one-half
c. one-third
d. two-third
More than __________ adult felons leave state and federal prisons each year.
a. 125,000
b. 375,000
c. 500,000
d. 725,000
In New England, the Puritans maintained a society governed by what type of
principles?
a. Legal.
b. Religious.
c. Socialist.
d. Capitalist.
The vast majority of offenders released from prison remain:
a. under correctional authority for some time.
b. criminally active.
c. drug free.
d. employed.
Which state has the highest incarceration rate among all the states?
a. Texas
b. Florida
c. New York
d. Louisiana
Between 1790 and 1830, the population in urban America had:
a. sharply declined.
b. sharply increased.
c. stayed mostly the same.
d. none of the above.
The constitutional guarantee that no agent or instrumentality of government will use
anything to arrest, prosecute, try, or punish any person other than that prescribed by law
is procedural __________.
According to opponents of capital punishment, there is no evidence the death penalty
deters violent crime.
One of the problems for pretrial detainees is the way they look in court.
During incarceration, prisoners may be _______________ as they encounter problems
or finish treatment programs.
According to opponents of the death penalty, it is applied in a discriminatory fashion.
Offender community service gives sanctions to offenders and restores victims and their
communities.
A ___________ prison is designed and organized to minimize the possibility of escapes
and violence, thereby imposing strict limitations on the freedom of both inmates and
visitors.
Large corrections systems damage families and communities, and increase racial
inequality.
PSI plays its most important role at _________.
Bureaucracies tend to increase the personnel and resources used to maintain manage the
organization.
Extremely serious juvenile crime incidents are rare.
The humanistic concerns of the ____________ helped launch penal reforms.
According to Allen J. Beck, the continuing increase in the prison population is a result
of tougher laws resulting in both more prison sentences and ____________________.
Prison administrators use institutional programs to help manage time.
It is argued that the small number of women incarcerated justifies the lack of
_______________, vocational, and other programs.
Corrections based on the assumption that criminal behavior can be treated is known as
the crime control model.
