In instances when parole supervision is being revoked, offenders possess various
_________rights.
a. habeas corpus
b. privacy
c. due process
d. administrative
Organizations develop _________ to keep operating with inmates having regular and
predictable responses to the staff.
a. routines
b. policies
c. procedures
d. all of these
Which of the following is an argument against community justice?
a. impingement on individual rights
b. social inequality
c. increasing costs
d. all of these
One result of funding squabbles is that organizational turf is:
a. destroyed.
b. disputed.
c. lost.
d. nurtured.
a. Individuals are asked to report on their own criminal behavior
b. Inequality of treatment
c. A difference explained by legitimate factors
d. Complex concept with changing definitions
e. Cultural characteristics
f. White fear of blacks will be greatest in areas where the proportion of blacks
approaches that of whites
g. Punished 100 times more severely than powdered
h. Committed a crime in their lifetime
i. Losing the power to vote
j. Some type of criminal justice contact in your life or community
1) Race
2) Ethnicity
3) Self-report studies
4) Discrimination
5) Disparity
6) Nearly everyone
7) State presence
8) Crack cocaine
9) Disenfranchisement
10) Racial threat hypothesis
References to “types” of offenders means they:
a. are easily stereotyped because their actions are so similar.
b. are fairly predictable for purposes of parole.
c. share important characteristics even though they vary in others.
d. behave very similarly for purposes of prediction.
A correctional officer’s ability to do their job is impacted by prison overcrowding in
what ways?
a. increased potential for violence
b. strain on staff morale
c. limited ability to run programs
d. all of these
Corrections lacks a clear:
a. mission.
b. method.
c. structure.
d. approach.
According to the author, which system of government divides power between federal
and state governments?
a. Federalism
b. Democracy
c. Communism
d. Capitalism
Behavior that blurs the social distance between prison staff and inmates is known as:
a. crossing the line.
b. boundary violation.
c. abuse.
d. rule violation.
A common strategy in dealing with offenders with substance dependency problems is:
a. release to an addiction treatment facility.
b. placement in a methadone maintenance program.
c. a steady program of withdrawal within the jail setting.
d. both release to an addiction treatment facility and placement in a methadone
maintenance program.
Intermediate sanctions include which of the following?
a. community service
b. boot camps
c. home confinement
d. all of these
a. inmates and visitors have a great deal of freedom
b. Newer with functional units located in the entry
c. Central corridor for prisoner movement
d. treatment programs designed to reform offender
e. restrictions on inmates/visitors are less strict than maximum security
f. Often used for juveniles and women
g. emphasizes family and community ties as a method of reform
h. strict limitations on freedom of inmates/visitors
i. A control center from which to monitor movement
j. Emphasizes security, discipline, and order
1) Maximum security
2) Medium security
3) Custodial model
4) Minimum security
5) Radial design
6) Telephone-Pole design
7) Courtyard style
8) Campus style
9) Rehabilitation model
10) Reintegration model
When all forms of correctional supervision are taken into account, what percent of all
adults in the United States are under some form of correctional control?
a. more than 8%
b. more than 3%
c. less than 2%
d. more than 10%
Probation and parole officers state that their original decision to become involved in
this particular career field is based on their desire to:
a. Receive promotions
b. Help people
c. Take criminals out of society
d. Become a warden
Which of the following is an advantage to the families formed by female inmates?
a. They relieve the tensions of prison life.
b. They assist in the socialization of the new inmate.
c. They permit individuals to act according to clearly defined roles and rules
d. All of these
Systems learn, grow and improve according to what?
a. policies
b. procedures
c. feedback
d. laws
A probation officer faces role conflict every day. This conflict focuses around:
a. the demands of the organization and the expectations of the offender.
b. the responsibilities of enforcing the law and helping the offender simultaneously.
c. personal expectations about probation work and the visible realities of the job.
d. investments of time by the probation officer with respect to presentence investigation
reports and counseling offenders.
With respect to job turnover among officers, corrections is:
a. low.
b. high.
c. about the same as any blue-collar job.
d. relatively stable over time.
According to the authors, which of the following is of particular importance for today’s
jails?
a. quality of prisoner food
b. quality of recreational programs for offenders
c. legal liability
d. all of these
While traditional justice focuses on processing cases, community justice:
a. is based in a state or local jurisdiction.
b. focuses on solving crime problems.
c. seeks to punish offenders.
d. none of the above.
Jeremy Benthem argued that effective punishments prevent _________________in the
future.
a. negative behavior
b. positive behavior
c. similar behavior
d. coerced behavior
A structural problem with corrections is that the system dependson significant factors:
a. outside of its control.
b. that conflict with one another.
c. that cannot be administered fairly.
d. outside budget capabilities.
Recognizance was first used in court to recognize a formally recorded ___________to
perform some act entered by a judge to permit an offender to live in the community.
a. indebtedness
b. obligation
c. appreciation
d. debt
Treatment assignments for which prisoners in maximum security facilities are not
eligible include:
a. religion
b. exercise
c. work release
d. cognitive therapy
Because of ______, many states have devised ways to get around the rigidity of
mandatory release.
a. prison population growth
b. public pressure
c. labor shortages
d. Expenses
Three forces influence the newly released offenders’ adjustment to free society. They
include the parole board, the parole bureaucracy, and the experiences of the
____________.
a. offender
b. victim
c. rehabilitation
d. community
Prior to the 1960s courts maintained a/an __________ with respect to corrections.
a. invasive policy
b. administrative policy
c. hands-off policy
d. inquisitive policy
Which of the following statements is true about the prison commissary?
a. The usual stock does not satisfy inmate’s needs.
b. Prices are low enough for inmates to afford.
c. Commissary privileges are a right for all inmates.
d. All of these.
According to the Supreme Court, the term “totality of conditions” may be legally
interpreted as:
a. cruel and unusual punishment.
b. unfair
c. unreasonable.
d. irrational.
Classification committees often revert to stereotypes rather than diagnostic criteria in
assignment inmates. They often recognize which of the following stereotypes:
a. members of racial gangs.
b. members of ethnic gangs.
c. predators who demand things.
d. all of these.
The Enlightenment proposed which of the following ideas for correctional reform?
a. A rewriting of penal codes to increase the severity of criminal sanctions.
b. A greater belief in the application of pain as a specific and general deterrent.
c. The invention of the penitentiary, where prisoners could be isolated from the
temptations of the outside world.
d. An increase in the number of criminal laws and, as a result, a growth in the numbers
and types of prisoners.
Examination of self-report studies of criminality has often revealed that African
American and white youths admit to similar participation in criminal and deviant
activity.
The American Correctional Association determines all prison classification in this
country.
Retribution espouses that an offender should be punished ____________ to the gravity
of the offense.
The public must be constantly reminded about punishment for deterrence to work.
Men in prison tend to have already graduated from high school.
Prison programs are any non-formal, non-structured activity that takes prisoners out of
their cells and allows them to do something.
The first independent female-run prison was established in ________.
One of the initial recruiting problems for those working within corrections is the low
starting ____________.
90% of all jail inmates are considered indigent and cannot afford counsel.
Probation status can end in two ways: the person successfully completes the probation
or it is ____________due to misbehavior.
Advocates of the women’s reformatories favored rural correctional institutions in areas
away from the unwholesome conditions of the city.
The most frequently applied criminal sanction is___________.
A prison designed and organized to permit inmates and visitors as much freedom as is
consistent with the concept of incarceration is a _____________ prison.
One strategy used by prison administration to weaken gang influence includes
conducting strip searches.
There are several techniques used to determine whether someone is using drugs while
on probation. One technique includes: ____________.
Like inmates in correctional facilities, convicted offenders in the community also have
rights.