The first and basic “essentials of due process” are required by juvenile offenders was
determined in what landmark case?
a. Kent v. US
b. In Re Winship
c. Breed v. Jones
d. .McKeiver v. Pennsylvania
Overall, jail population sizes tend to be:
a. stable.
b. small.
c. variable
d. constant
Divergence in the lengths and types of sentences imposed for the same crime or crimes
of comparable seriousness when no reasonable justification can be discerned is:
a. judicial disparity.
b. sentencing disparity.
c. systemic racism.
d. a miscarriage of justice.
The Bureau of Justice Statistics reports that ________ states and the federal
government operated at or above capacity.
a. 5
b. 10
c. 19
d. 24
The authors contend that the field of corrections will get nowhere without:
a. ample resources.
b. effective methodologies.
c. effective leadership.
d. a new vision.
Correctional officers often rely on __________ to gain cooperation.
a. rewards and punishments
b. corporal punishment and solitary confinement
c. force and strict rule enforcement
d. All of these
As state’s deal with severe budgetary problems the future of private prisons is:
a. secure.
b. positive.
c. assured.
d. uncertain.
__________ conditions provide constraints on some probationers to force them to deal
with a significant problem and need such as substance abuse.
a. Standard
b. Technical
c. Treatment
d. Punitive
Many observers believe that the relationship between racism and the criminal justice
system is:
a. reciprocal.
b. one-sided.
c. unrecognizable
d. invisible.
One major worry for the public that concerns parolees is:
a. homelessness.
b. violence on release.
c. lying on employment applications.
d. civil disability.
African Americans make up 40 percent of the prison population but __________ of all
U.S. residents.
a. 5 percent
b. 13 percent
c. 25 percent
d. 32 percent
The most powerful new studies of correctional rehabilitation programs try to express
their effectiveness in which of the following ways?
a. To the warden
b. In cost-benefit ratios
c. In the most positive way
d. In a way that will increase funding
Men between which ages are more prone to violence?
a. 16″24
b. 25″32
c. 20″29
d. all men
a. A range of correctional management strategies
b. Incarceration followed by sentence reduction
c. Sanctions can be calibrated & made equivalent
d. Designed for young offenders
e. Compensation for loss
f. Penalty based on offender’s income
g. Free labor as compensation
h. Government seizes assets used in criminal activity
i. potential loss to victim/system
j. targets offenders subject to incarceration
1) ISP
2) Boot camp
3) Continuum of sanctions
4) Day fine
5) Forfeiture
6) Restitution
7) stakes
8) Principle of interchangeability
9) Community Service
10) Shock Incarceration
Proponents who say that nothing should be done about prison overcrowding subscribe
to which strategy?
a. Prison population reduction strategy
b. Null strategy
c. Construction strategy
d. Just desserts strategy
a. punishment to a body inflicting pain
b. law of civil society
c. forced rowing
d. detention facility
e. pleasure over pain
f. the right to be tried in ecclesiastical court
g. Retaliation
h. Age of Reason
i. A form of banishment
j. free will and severe punishment
1) Benefit of Clergy
2) classical criminology
3) corporal punishment
4) Enlightenment
5) galley slavery
6) House of corrections
7) Hulk
8) Lex talionis
9) Secular Law
10) Utilitarianism
According to inmates, if you want to be paroled you are required to:
a. use prison politics
b. be in solitary confinement
c. be uncooperative with staff
d. Be in a program.
Historically, the __________ has been an innovator in the field of corrections.
a. State of Texas Department of Corrections
b. State of Illinois Department of Corrections
c. Federal Bureau of Investigation
d. Federal Bureau of Prisons
According to Clear, Cole, and Reisig, the overall results of the turbulent inmate rights
period:
a. were positive.
b. were negative.
c. were problematic.
d. were useless.
This case required a standard of “beyond a doubt” for delinquency matters:
a. Kent v. US
b. In Re Gault
c. In Re Winship
d. Eddings v Oklahoma
_________ defendants often have higher appearance rates than those freed through bail.
60% of probation sentences are received directly from the judge.
According to research findings, states with higher ____________ have higher prison
populations.
One correctional policy decision that may influence who becomes a correctional client
is that street crimes warrant more attention from police.
Many observers believe the relationship between racism and the criminal justice system
is reciprocal.
The short-term history of corrections seems dominated by fads.
Line personnel are not concerned with furthering the institutional goals of a prison.
____________________ is the idea that it is most efficient for a subordinate to report
only to one superior.
The term “_____________” refers to methods of applying scientific knowledge to
practical purposes in a particular field.
The states of __________ and_________ have the largest prison populations in the U.S.
Although the increase in prison populations receives the most publicity, a greater
proportion of correctional growth has occurred in probation and parole.
There seems to be little relationship between the crime rate and the incarceration rate.
It is unconstitutional to execute someone who committed their crime before they were
18.
Corrections has a clear mission in the process of handling offenders and the overall goal
of their individual agencies.
Probation centers are where persistent probation violators reside for short periods of
time.
The length of an inmate’s prison stay has nearly tripled over the last 30 years.