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According to Clear, Cole, and Reisig, the prison population in this country has
skyrocketed. One explanation for this is:
a. public attitudes toward crime and punishment.
b. increased arrests.
c. the war on drugs.
d. all of these.
The organization of probation is:
a. centralized or decentralized
b. administered by judiciary or executive branch
c. combined with parole services
d. all of these.
Judges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are:
a. too harsh.
b. too lenient.
c. limited.
d. ill-advised.
Indeterminate sanctions include community service, restitution, fines, boot camp, home
confinement and _________________.
a. intensive probation supervision
b. Rehabilitation
c. Restoration
d. Psychotherapy
To "do something" about crime, government leaders have enacted:
a. tough sentencing policies.
b. increased law enforcement spending.
c. tough parole policies.
d. all of these.
The most notably used sentencing guidelines used throughout the United States is the
_______________________:
a. Minnesota Sentencing Guideline
b. New York Sentencing Guideline
c. Pennsylvania Sentencing Guideline
d. Georgia Sentencing Guideline
Current case law indicates that capital punishment is legal:
a. as long as the voters of the state approve it.
b. as long as it is administered to deliver the least amount of pain.
c. as long as it's lethal injection and not electrocution.
d. as long as it's imposed fairly.
With the increase of the prison population the percentage of parolees has:
a. decreased.
b. increased.
c. remained static.
d. tapered off.
It took approximately how long for Angel Diaz to die by lethal injection in Florida:
a. 5 minutes.
b. 20 minutes.
c. 30 minutes.
d. 1 hour.
Counting jails and prisons, approximately how many citizens are incarcerated?
a. 1 million
b. 2.3 million
c. 3 million
d. 4.3 million
Identifying different areas where crime is most concentrated is known as:
a. neighborhood watch.
b. crime mapping.
c. community policing.
d. proactive approach.
In recent years there has been a dramatic growth in what type of studies?
a. leadership effectiveness
b. program effectiveness
c. prison effectiveness
d. vision effectiveness
Which of the following groups makes up a larger percentage of inmates?
a. African Americans
b. Hispanics and older prisoners
c. Caucasians and women
d. Both African Americans and Hispanics
The following is an example of corporal punishment:
a. forgiveness.
b. whipping.
c. imprisonment.
d. religious education.
Which concept holds that human behavior is governed by the individual's calculation of
the benefits versus the costs of ones acts:
a. Egalitarianism.
b. Utilitarianism.
c. Positivism.
d. Marxism.
In many states the defense ______________a copy of the PSI report.
a. produces.
b. has total access to.
c. does not receive.
d. has no interest in.
Early evaluations of intensive supervision reflect which the following?
a. Offenders are likely to commit a serious offense in six months
b. More technical violations occur than with traditional probation
c. Little money is saved
d. Probation officers dislike the program
Within 40 years of being built, penitentiaries had become:
a. understaffed.
b. overcrowded.
c. financially burdened.
d. all of these.
According to Sykes, the greater the degree of solidarity among inmates within the
inmate social system, the:
a. more severely the pains of imprisonment are felt.
b. less severely the pains of imprisonment are felt.
c. greater the influence rehabilitative programs will have on inmates.
d. greater the chances the individual inmate will have for survival within the prison over
time.
The decision to _______is a factor influencing the filtering process:
a. pigeonhole
b. grant bail
c. violate the law
d. acquit
Residential centers tend to be _______ the local community.
a. unpopular with
b. welcome in
c. generate crime in
d. financial boons to
America's oldest prison was built in 1798. This prison was located in what city in New
Jersey:
a. Dalton
b. Trenton
c. Wilmington
d. Wilbur
More than half of all jail occupants are:
a. mentally ill.
b. addicted to drugs.
c. awaiting trial.
d. guilty.
Now more than ever correctional systems are in a new era of correctional policy in what
areas?
a. Politics and policy change
b. Financial and social change
c. Psychological and political
d. Socially and politically
Which court case established a right to medical treatment while incarcerated:
a. Estelle v. Gamble
b. Terry v Ohio
c. US v. Gant
d. Gregg v GA
According to the authors, most gangs are:
a. violent.
b. alike.
c. non-violent.
d. brutal.
NIMBY stands for:
a. no inmate by me.
b. never in my best.
c. not in my backyard.
d. no inmate may by time.
Benefit of clergy was extended to:
a. all worthy men of the realm.
b. only wealthy aristocrats of the realm.
c. monks and nuns only.
d. all literate persons.
By the 1990's, approximately _______percent of law enforcement agencies focused
their efforts towards community policing practices.
a. 20
b. 45
c. 65
d. 80
A sex offender through legislation is commonly recognized as which of the following?
a. Rapist
b. prostitutes
c. child molesters
d. all these
Some Prisons are operated under the direction of:
a. the federal government.
b. sheriff's
c. police departments.
d. local government
With reference to time, rehabilitation is:
a. future-oriented.
b. present-oriented.
c. past-oriented.
d. both future- and present-oriented.
Which of the following countries has the highest incarceration rate in the world?
a. The United States
b. Russia
c. South Africa
d. Japan
A recent trend that aims to improve agency coordination is:
a. mission clarity.
b. partnerships.
c. restructuring.
d. method clarity.
The medical model of probation was popular in which of the following time periods?
a. the 1920s through 1930s
b. the 1980s through 1990s
c. the 1940s through 1960s
d. the 1970s through 1980s
Conservatives and liberals tend to share the same ideas about how to deal with crime.
____________sanctions is when a client struggles under community-based alternatives
can instead be monitored through other sanctions such as house arrest rather than return
to prison.
One strength of intermediate sanctions is that there appears to be little racial, gender, or
age bias in their application.
A ___________ is known in the prison subculture as a passive homosexual.
Treatment success depends on the relationship between the ________and the client.
Probation release is often tied to shock incarceration.
________offenders have been convicted of violent crimes or drug offenses.
Most correctional employees receive equal pay raises regardless of performance.
Nowhere in the world, and at no time in history, has there been an equal to the massive
United States system of punishment.
In the United States _________is the most common sanction.
An executive act of clemency that effectively excuses the offender from suffering the
consequences of conviction is known as a _____________.
_____________ appoints the Bureau of Prisons director.
The chief conflict for a probation officer role's which include enforcing the law and
helping the offender is authority and __________.
In keeping with the goal of treatment, _________________ gives correctional officials
and parole boards significant control over the amount of time an offender serves
through a lack of fixed time of incarceration.
Attempts to reform prisons began in the 1500s with the disintegration of feudalism.
___________ produce more disastrous consequences than heroin addicts.
The right of habeas corpus for alleged terrorist detainees has been an important issue
since 9/11.
