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Which of the following would not be considered a secure placement for a juvenile?
a. foster home
b. residential center
c. reform school
d. training school
Opponents of new prison construction believe that, given the nature of bureaucratic
organizations, prison cells will always be:
a. expensive.
b. filled.
c. rundown.
d. valuable.
The increase in the number of women in prison has:
a. had little impact on how facilities are run.
b. disturbed the public.
c. significantly affected the delivery of programs.
d. shocked the public.
The prison environment affects programming in what way?
a. Constructively
b. Negatively
c. Neutrally
d. Impartially
Parole officers are often portrayed as having absolute _________________ over their
clients.
a. Control
b. Movement
c. Authority
d. Power
Project HOPE is a specialized approach which identifies the high-risk, chronic violator
for close supervision augmented by regular ___________.
a. home visits
b. court reporting
c. drug testing
d. ankle monitoring
Research shows that the death penalty is more likely to be imposed when:
a. the offender is white.
b. the offender is African American.
c. the victim is white.
d. the victim is African American.
The case of _____________________ held that potential jurors who object to the death
penalty cannot be automatically excluded from jury service in capital cases.
a. Gideon v. Wainwright
b. Witherspoon v. Illinois
c. Gregg v. Georgia
d. Furman v. Georgia
Probation was originally used mainly for:
a. first-time offenders.
b. violent offenders.
c. low-level offenders.
d. guilty offenders.
Originally, parole officers worked directly for the:
a. Commissioner
b. Warden
c. Governor
d. parole board
Which state has the lowest levels of known gang affiliation/participation in their prison
population?
a. Pennsylvania
b. Georgia
c. Montana
d. Colorado
Judges may use a range of ________________ sanctions from those exerting a low
level of control to those exerting a high level of control.
a. truth in sentencing
b. determinate
c. intermediate
d. mandatory
To combat ambiguities in classification, correctional administrators have started using:
a. more subjective criteria in an attempt to successfully predict future criminal behavior.
b. expanded criteria to admit all relevant facts and use those facts involved in the case.
c. a limited number of factors pertaining to substance abuse factors.
d. classification systems that recognize similarities and differences between offenders.
As a social institution, corrections reflects the vision and concerns of the:
a. government.
b. larger community.
c. warden and administrators.
d. sentencing judges.
In the wake of the Civil Rights Movement, prisoners demanded their constitutional
rights as:
a. inmates.
b. citizens.
c. human beings.
d. people.
In 1844, the __________ was created with the goal of improving the treatment of
female prisoners and separating them from male prisoners.
a. Women's Improvement Organization
b. Women's Benevolence Association
c. Women's Prison Association
d. Women's Prisoner Improvement Society
a. Requires essentials' of due process
b. has no parent or guardian and does not receive proper care
c. child who commits an act if committed by an adult is not a crime
d. Transfer to adult court
e. State as guardian
f. parole
g. Specifies essentials' of due process
h. Stop doing crime
i. child not receiving proper care
j. Depends on social expectations
1) Delinquent
2) In Re Gault
3) Aftercare
4) Desistence
5) Parens patriae
6) Dependent
7) Kent v. United States
8) Neglected
9) Status offense
10) Waiver
An institution intended to isolate prisoners from society and each other so that they
could reflect on their past misdeeds, repent, and undergo reformation is the:
a. panopticon.
b. gaol.
c. reformatory.
d. penitentiary.
A set of rules of conduct that reflect the values and norms of the prison social system
and help to define for inmates the characteristics associated with the model prisoner is
known as the:
a. institutional code.
b. informal code.
c. prison code.
d. inmate code.
The crime rate today is about what it was in:
a. 1953.
b. 1963.
c. 1973.
d. 1993.
The juvenile corrections system supports __________ decision making.
a. Firm
b. Discretionary
c. Fixed
d. Definite
After 1935 the number of executions began to:
a. decline.
b. soar.
c. climb.
d. stabilize.
Educational programs in prison do not include:
a. GED classes.
b. college classes.
c. federal funding for post-secondary education.
d. all of these are included in prison educational programs.
Predictive studies calculate that the future prison population of the United States is
likely to:
a. finally stop growing.
b. increase steadily.
c. shrink.
d. remain stable.
Widespread adoption of intermediate sanctions may further exacerbate ________in
prison populations?
a. racial disparities
b. overcrowding
c. gang tensions
d. mental illness
Studies of community service and restitution programs have generally found them
vulnerable to:
a. political attacks by conservative politicians.
b. budget cuts, since most are perceived as "extras."
c. the problem of net widening.
d. all of these.
The response to crime was viewed as essentially a private affair prior to the
______century?
a. 17th
b. 15th
c. 13th
d. 18th
The dominant social institution during the Middle Ages in England and Europe was:
a. the king.
b. the sheriff.
c. the penitentiary.
d. the church.
__________ conditions provide constraints on some probationers to increase the
restrictiveness of probation including fines, community service, and restitution.
a. Standard
b. Technical
c. Punitive
d. Treatment
The sociological theory known as the 'subculture of violence" argues that violence is
primarily found in the __________ subculture.
a. lower class
b. youth
c. white
d. gang
A parole board organized inside a department of corrections is an example of a/an
__________ parole board.
a. autonomous
b. independent
c. consolidated
d. none of these
The term psychotherapy refers to the:
a. treatment towards loss of a child
b. treatment of the psychosis
c. treatment of the mind
d. treatment from the offense
Environmental crime prevention specialists work to change:
a. the places crime tendsto occur.
b. the crimes that tend to occur.
c. common patrols routes.
d. the manner of police dispatch.
A school of criminology that views behavior as stemming from free will is known as
the ____________ school.
The average cost of one prison cell to be built totals _______________.
Female inmates tend to segregate themselves by race.
After the Civil War southern legislatures passed _____________ designed to control
newly freed African Americans.
__________measurement makes sure programs are having their intended effects.
In practice, revocations usually result from a single rule violation.
Crime mapping identifies where the problem of crime is most concentrated.
According to the author, Race is very controversial to the extent that is has been
recognized as having both political and biological implications.
The idea that prison disorder results from unstable, divided, or otherwise weak
management is known as the _____________________.
Parolees have the right to be notified of the charges against them.
A key way to prevent AIDS both inside and outside of a correctional setting is through
knowledge of the virus.
There are two goals with corrections staffattracting the right people to work in
corrections and motivating them to remain once employed.
The twin goals of corrections are _____________ and ___________.
.Most female delinquents commit the crime of running away.
Juvenile crime is an individual phenomenon.
