Over __________ dollars in fines is collected annually in the United States.
a. 25 million
b. 675 million
c. 1 billion
d. 3.7 billion
Because inmates are not allowed to carry any currency, the primary method of
exchange in prison is:
a. narcotics.
b. cigarettes.
c. “bug juice.”
d. sex.
Separate confinement was first implemented in:
a. Eastern State Penitentiary.
b. Western State Penitentiary.
c. Auburn Penitentiary.
d. Walnut Street Jail.
a. Post custody supervision in the community
b. Without any further correctional supervision
c. Used with indeterminate sentence
d. Furloughs
e. Required release
f. The prisoner promises to abide by certain conditions in exchange for being released
g. stipulated by parole guidelines based on offenders actions
h. Treat a mental abnormality
i. The government extends the privilege of release
j. Conditional release
1) Mandatory Release
2) Discretionary Release
3) Conditional Release
4) Expiration Release
5) Probation Release
6) presumptive release date
7) Parole
8) Civil commitment
9) Contract of consent
10) Grace or privilege
A constitutional and traditional bulwark of our government is:
a. harsh punishment.
b. the separation of powers.
c. disproportionality.
d. interagency cooperation.
Wergild developed as:
a. a barter system.
b. a method for the king to bring his subjects directly under his rule.
c. a method of treating private wrongs as public crimes.
d. a system of compensation.
A form of power that stresses the application or threat of physical force is known as:
a. coercive power.
b. normative power.
c. physical power.
d. remunerative power.
Community justice attempts to:
a. apply strategies uniformly.
b. tailor strategies individually.
c. apply strategies in concert.
d. tailor strategies to the law.
One of the consequences of discretionary parole is:
a. it leaves prisoners in limbo.
b. prisoners have few due process rights at the hearing.
c. decisions are made outside of the public’s attention.
d. all of these.
Requirements and rules designed to aid readjustment to society and control parolee
movement are called:
a. conditional requirements.
b. technical conditions.
c. release conditions.
d. conditions of release.
Sir Walter Crofton built on __________’s idea of requiring prisoners to earn early
release.
a. Zebulon Brockway
b. John Howard
c. Sir Robert Peel
d. Alexander Maconochie
Home confinement is best suited to:
a. situational offenders.
b. offenders with substance abuse issues.
c. offenders with relatively long sentences.
d. low-risk offenders with relatively stable residences
Compared to the 1970s, those who go to prison serve sentences that are:
a. nearly twice as short.
b. nearly twice as long.
c. nearly identical.
d. incomparable.
________________ supervision will likely continue to grow in popularity.
a. Punitive
b. Medical
c. Decreased reliance on
d. Specialization of
Since 1994, the juvenile crime rate has:
a. risen.
b. decreased.
c. exploded.
d. remained static.
According to community based corrections, the goal of the criminal justice system is to:
a. punish the offender.
b. reintegrate the offender.
c. focus on the victim.
d. achieve justice.
For two decades, the crime rate in the United States has been:
a. declining.
b. rising.
c. stable.
d. erratic.
According to the text, The medical model of corrections was beginning to be taken
seriously through implementation in the ____________.
a. 1910’s
b. 1920’s
c. 1930’s
d. 1940’s
The period known as the Enlightenment had what effect(s) on society?
a. It brought a reaction against feudal society and the monopoly of religion.
b. It stressed the notion of equality for all citizens.
c. It was largely influenced by the growth of scientific thinking.
d. All of these
In a typical group of thirty or so young adults it is likely that __________ has been
locked up.
a. at least five
b. at least one
c. at least half
d. no one
Methods of dealing with prison crowding include:
a. reducing prison populations.
b. implementing more intermediate sanctions.
c. doing nothing.
d. all of these.
The legislature, president, or governor has the ability to give an agency the power in the
areas of health, safety and the environment to implement which of the following:
a. statutes.
b. case laws.
c. regulations.
d. precedent.
The fact that African Americans and Latinos are subjected to the criminal justice system
at considerably higher rates than other ethnic and racial groups is:
a. indisputable.
b. arguable.
c. not borne out by research.
d. a myth.
The latest attempt to impose capital punishment in a way that does not offend modern
cultural sensibilities is:
a. a moratorium.
b. the electric chair.
c. lethal injection.
d. nothing cruel or unusual.
Social relationships in women’s prison appear:
a. more violent than in male prisons.
b. more voluntary than in male prisons.
c. more coerced than in male prisons.
d. none of these.
What is the average caseload for probation officers in New York City?
a. 77 probationers per officer
b. 114 probationers per officer
c. 162 probationers per officer
d. 249 probationers per officer
_________services frequently take the form of group or individual counseling sessions
rather than intensive therapy.
a. Psychotherapy programs
b. Psychotropic medications
c. Psychological programs
d. Psychosis intervention
Eastern State Penitentiary was designed by:
a. John Howard
b. John Haviland
c. Jeremy Benthem
d. Cessare Lombroso
Which statement is not an argument made in favor of pretrial diversion.
a. Many offenders cannot be effectively dealt with by the formal criminal justice
system.
b. It is much more humane than traditional criminal justice services.
c. It does not promote a long-term “label” on offenders like most criminal justice
activities.
d. It is much cheaper than criminal justice processing.
The Federal Bureau of Prisons was created within:
a. the Department of the Interior.
b. the Department of Justice.
c. the National Institute of Justice.
d. the Department of Homeland Security.
Insanity is a recognized defense for commission of a crime because mens rea is not
present.
A series of organizational positions in order of authority, with each person receiving
orders from the one immediately above and issuing orders to the one immediately
below is known as ________________.
According to the authors The Enlightenment was a reaction against feudal and
__________ traditions.
English trends and practices greatly influenced American corrections.
__________________is when certain neighborhoods have very high numbers of arrests
and of people going to prison.
According to the author, corrections officials have little or _____control over the intake
of new offenders.
Prison administrators use their programs as incentives for good behavior.
Sir Walter Crofton added to the concept of parole by adding a ticket-of-leave system.
Only__________ are released on parole.
Women inmates traditionally receive ________ sentences than men for similar offenses.
All punishments are visible.
The __________ response to supervision strongly influences the overall effectiveness
of probation.
Community service requires the offender to provide hours of free labor in a public
place.
According to the authors, statistics show that most parolees return to prison.
Experience has shown that successful lawsuits filed under Section 1983 have had a
major impact for the grieving prisoner.
The prison diet and daily routine is _____________.
_______________ was the first person to advocate for changes in the treatment of
sentenced women and children.
In an increasingly heterogeneous urban and industrial society, responsibility for the
criminal became the province of the ________ and its __________.
Having a father go to prison contributes to a range of developmental problems,
emotional problems and ______________for children.